immobility Flashcards
what purpose does bone have in mobility
provides stability and support
causes of immobility
external: tight spaces, physical or chemical restraint, atmosphere leading to unconsciousness
Internal: pathology caused by injury, neurological or cognitive abnormalities, pain, or lack of muscle use
menoplegia
affects one limb, usually an arm
hemiplegia
affects one side of the body, arm, leg, and trunk
quadriplegia
affects all four limbs
paraplegia
affects two limbs, usually legs
how to help with immobility
assistance with feeding, help with repositioning, reminders to move, teaching to use assistive devices, help managing toilet/cleaning/maintain dry skin, encourage deep breathing techniques, asssisting with activities of daily living
when muscle groups are immobile, it can cause:
-reduced osteoblast activity resulting in bone loss
-reduces muscle tone resulting in muscle atrophy
-connective tissue shortening and thickening causing contractures or muscle deformity
-metabolic issues, causing increased serum nitrogen and calcium due to bone and muscle breakdown (a precursor to kidney failure)
complications immobility can cause on cardiovascular system
reduced heart conditioning leading to fatigue, changes in oxygen requirements and ability to compensate causing elevated HR, reduced blood flow (especially in legs) leading to blood clots
complications immobility can cause on resp. system
pneumonia, poor lung inflation (stiff lungs), excessive secretions
complications immobility can cause digestive system
constipation/ileus, malnutrition (when client is unable to feed themselves, aspirations (when impaired swallowing is present), dehydration (with poor fluid intake)
complications immobility can cause the urinary system
dehydration, urinary retention, UTI, increases risk of kidney stones
complications mobility can cause on mental health
depression, anxiety, insomnia, anger, isolation, hopelessness
