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DHBS 365 > Plaque and Caries > Flashcards

Plaque and Caries Flashcards

1
Q

What is calcified plaque?

A

Calculus

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2
Q

What do communities of microorganisms attach to?

A

Biofilm

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3
Q

What does a biofilm do?

A

Protect against host defenses and antimicrobial agents, can make them more pathogenic

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4
Q

What is a key player in development of caries and periodontal disease?

A

Dental plaque/biofilm

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5
Q

What type of bacteria is a large proportion of resident oral flora?

A

Viridans Streptococci

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6
Q

What is a major bacterial species in saliva?

A

S. salivarius

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7
Q

What is pellicle?

A

Acidic glycoproteins from saliva form a film on tooth

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8
Q

Biofilm is colonized by that four Streptococcus species?

A
  • S. oralis
  • S. mitis
  • S. gordonii
  • S. sanguinis
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9
Q

What are the two types of dental plaque?

A

Supragingival and subgingival

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10
Q

What is dental plaque made up of?

A

Firmly attached growth of bacteria and matrix/biofilm

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11
Q

What is the definition of an early colonizer?

A

Initial predominant bacteria that colonize the pellicle surface

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12
Q

What type of bacteria are early colonizers (gram staining and aerobe type)?

A
  • Gram positive
  • Facultative anaerobic
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13
Q

What are the two species that are early colonizers?

A
  • Actinomyces spp
  • Oral streptococci
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14
Q

What type of bacteria live in an aerobic environment?

A

Gram positive facultative anaerobic species

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15
Q

What type of bacteria live in a highly oxygen deprived environment?

A

Gram negative anaerobic microorganisms

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16
Q

What is the definition of dysbiosis?

A

Transition of polymicrobical community from largely gram positive commensal microbes to a gram negative enriched inflammogenic community

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17
Q

What is the definition of a secondary colonizer?

A

If plaque continues to form, it attracts other bacteria to adhere to the bacterial matrix

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18
Q

What are three gram negative secondary colonizers?

A
  • Prevotella intermedia
  • Capnocytophaga spp
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum
19
Q

What is an example of a late colonizer species?

A

Porphyromonas gingivitis

20
Q

What is a keystone pathogen in the pathogenesis and progression of peritonitis?

A

Porphyromonas gingivitis

21
Q

What are some other microorganisms that may be in dental plaque?

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
  • Viruses
22
Q

What is dental plaque made up of?

A
  • Proliferating bacteria
  • Host cells
  • Adherent intercellular matrix
23
Q

What is the inorganic component of plaque made out of?

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Small amounts of magnesium, potassium and sodium
24
Q

Does early plaque have high or low inorganic content?

A

Low inorganic content

25
Q

Does calculus have a low or high inorganic content?

A

High

26
Q

What is the biofilm matrix made out of?

A
  • Polysaccharides
  • Proteins
  • Other compounds
27
Q

What is the first stage of biofilm formation?

A

Pellicle formation

28
Q

What is the second stage of biofilm formation?

A

Bacterial attachment

29
Q

What is the third stage of biofilm formation?

A

Colonization and multiplication

30
Q

What is the fourth stage of biofilm formation?

A

Growth, increases in mass and thickness

31
Q

What is the fifth stage of biofilm formation?

A

Maturation, intermicrobat matrix connects colonies

32
Q

Are early colonizers gram positive or negative bacteria?

A

Gram positive

33
Q

Are secondary colonizers gram positive or negative bacteria?

A

Gram negative

34
Q

Are late colonizers gram positive or negative bacteria?

A

Gram negative

35
Q

What is microbial adherence?

A

Binding of a microbe to an oral surface is a prerequisite for colonization

36
Q

What are four specific subgingival organisms?

A
  • Porphyromonas
  • Prevotella
  • Fusobacterium
  • Veillonella
37
Q

What does subgingival plaque development increase?

A
  • Cervicular fluid flow
  • Pocket epithelial turnover
38
Q

What type of bacteria is tooth associated plaque?

A

Mainly gram positive filamentous bacteria with some gram negative cocci and rods

39
Q

What is tooth associated plaque associated with?

A
  • Calculus formation
  • Root caries
  • Root resorption
40
Q

What is epithelium associated plaque?

A

Loosely adherent structure with one layer in contact with epithelial cells and other loose in the sulcular/pocket lumen

41
Q

What type of bacteria is epithelium associated plaque?

A

Mainly gram negative rods and cocci

42
Q

What does epithelium associated plaque lead to?

A

Development of periodontal disease

43
Q
A

DHBS 365 (10 decks)

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