Plaque and Caries Flashcards
What is calcified plaque?
Calculus
What do communities of microorganisms attach to?
Biofilm
What does a biofilm do?
Protect against host defenses and antimicrobial agents, can make them more pathogenic
What is a key player in development of caries and periodontal disease?
Dental plaque/biofilm
What type of bacteria is a large proportion of resident oral flora?
Viridans Streptococci
What is a major bacterial species in saliva?
S. salivarius
What is pellicle?
Acidic glycoproteins from saliva form a film on tooth
Biofilm is colonized by that four Streptococcus species?
- S. oralis
- S. mitis
- S. gordonii
- S. sanguinis
What are the two types of dental plaque?
Supragingival and subgingival
What is dental plaque made up of?
Firmly attached growth of bacteria and matrix/biofilm
What is the definition of an early colonizer?
Initial predominant bacteria that colonize the pellicle surface
What type of bacteria are early colonizers (gram staining and aerobe type)?
- Gram positive
- Facultative anaerobic
What are the two species that are early colonizers?
- Actinomyces spp
- Oral streptococci
What type of bacteria live in an aerobic environment?
Gram positive facultative anaerobic species
What type of bacteria live in a highly oxygen deprived environment?
Gram negative anaerobic microorganisms
What is the definition of dysbiosis?
Transition of polymicrobical community from largely gram positive commensal microbes to a gram negative enriched inflammogenic community
What is the definition of a secondary colonizer?
If plaque continues to form, it attracts other bacteria to adhere to the bacterial matrix
What are three gram negative secondary colonizers?
- Prevotella intermedia
- Capnocytophaga spp
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
What is an example of a late colonizer species?
Porphyromonas gingivitis
What is a keystone pathogen in the pathogenesis and progression of peritonitis?
Porphyromonas gingivitis
What are some other microorganisms that may be in dental plaque?
- Mycoplasma
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Viruses
What is dental plaque made up of?
- Proliferating bacteria
- Host cells
- Adherent intercellular matrix
What is the inorganic component of plaque made out of?
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Small amounts of magnesium, potassium and sodium
Does early plaque have high or low inorganic content?
Low inorganic content
Does calculus have a low or high inorganic content?
High
What is the biofilm matrix made out of?
- Polysaccharides
- Proteins
- Other compounds
What is the first stage of biofilm formation?
Pellicle formation
What is the second stage of biofilm formation?
Bacterial attachment
What is the third stage of biofilm formation?
Colonization and multiplication
What is the fourth stage of biofilm formation?
Growth, increases in mass and thickness
What is the fifth stage of biofilm formation?
Maturation, intermicrobat matrix connects colonies
Are early colonizers gram positive or negative bacteria?
Gram positive
Are secondary colonizers gram positive or negative bacteria?
Gram negative
Are late colonizers gram positive or negative bacteria?
Gram negative
What is microbial adherence?
Binding of a microbe to an oral surface is a prerequisite for colonization
What are four specific subgingival organisms?
- Porphyromonas
- Prevotella
- Fusobacterium
- Veillonella
What does subgingival plaque development increase?
- Cervicular fluid flow
- Pocket epithelial turnover
What type of bacteria is tooth associated plaque?
Mainly gram positive filamentous bacteria with some gram negative cocci and rods
What is tooth associated plaque associated with?
- Calculus formation
- Root caries
- Root resorption
What is epithelium associated plaque?
Loosely adherent structure with one layer in contact with epithelial cells and other loose in the sulcular/pocket lumen
What type of bacteria is epithelium associated plaque?
Mainly gram negative rods and cocci
What does epithelium associated plaque lead to?
Development of periodontal disease
