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DHBS 365 > Adaptive Immunity: T cells, MHC, and Antigens > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity: T cells, MHC, and Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

What do active T cells have the ability to do?

A

Kill cells of the body that have been infected by viruses or bacteria, as well as cancer cells

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Activation and expansion of specialized lymphocytes

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3
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells

A
  • WBC
  • RBC
  • Platelets
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4
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A
  • Thymus gland
  • Bone marrow
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5
Q

What cells mature in the thymus gland?

A

T cells

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6
Q

What cells mature in the bone marrow?

A

B cells

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7
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • Peripheral lymph nodes
  • Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
  • Spleen
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8
Q

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue

A
  • Site of approximately 80% of all lymphocytes
  • Initiates immune responses to specific antigens encountered along all mucosal surfaces
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9
Q

Largest mammalian lymphoid organ system?

A

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue

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10
Q

3 important characteristics of adaptive immunity are…

A
  • Self recognition
  • Specific
  • Memory
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11
Q

MHC allows for…

A

Recognition between self and non-self antigens

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12
Q

Human Leukocyte Antigen System

A

Responsible for genetically encoding our cells in humans for recognition by the immune system as either self or non-self

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13
Q

All nucleated cells have…

A

MHC type I

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14
Q

What cells are not nucleated and do not have MHC I?

A

RBCs or platelets

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15
Q

MHC is or is not unique?

A

Is unique

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16
Q

What cells are antigen presenting cells?

A
  • B cells
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
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17
Q

Purpose of memory cells?

A

For a more robust second encounter for the same pathogen

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18
Q

Epitopes

A

Different shapes on top of antigen, that antibodies attach to

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19
Q

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

A
  • T cells
  • B cells
  • NK cells
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20
Q

T cell lymphocytes

A

Protect our bodies against cancer and infected cells by pathogens

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21
Q

Effector

A

Activated cell

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22
Q

NK Cells are produced…

A

In bone marrow and stay in bloodstream

23
Q

NK uses

A

Pattern recognition

24
Q

NK attacks by…

A

Inducing apoptosis

25
Q

NK cells also help to activate what type of cells? Who do they go and activate?

A

Help activate macrophages, which go and activate T cells

26
Q

Macrophages

A

Recruited to the area, phagocytosis

27
Q

Dendritic cells

A
  • Constantly taking information from around them through pinocytosis until it finds a pathogen then will phagocytose
  • Antigen presenting cell
28
Q

Antigen presenting cells gives the antigen to the…

A

T cell receptor

29
Q

CD4 Helper T cells function?

A

Activate macrophages to effectively kill ingested microbial pathogens

30
Q

Do CD4 cells kill any other cells?

A

No, only help

31
Q

Once T cells help activate macrophages, what is then activated?

A

B cells

32
Q

CD8 Cytotoxic T cells

A

Act on infected cells (by viruses) and directly kills them

33
Q

Helper T cells are activated by the recognition of antigens on what type of MHC molecule?

A

MHC II

34
Q

Helper T cells help activate what? How do they do this?

A

Activates inflammation by releasing cytokines

35
Q

Helper T cells helps what kind of cell mature?

A

Help activate B cells to secrete antibodies

36
Q

What type of cells do helper T cells activate?

A

Activate the cytotoxic T cells

37
Q

What does CD8 release?

A

Perforin and granzymes

38
Q

Perforin

A

Poke holes

39
Q

Granzymes

A

Stimulate apoptosis

40
Q

What MHC class does CD8 pair with?

A

MHC I

41
Q

Do CD8 cells need antigen-presenting cells to identify non-self cells?

A

No, because they recognize our self cells

42
Q

Naive T cells

A

Release by the thymus but has not matured yet until it encounters corresponding antigen

43
Q

T regulatory/T reg

A

Suppresses immune response, prevents allergy and autoimmune disease

44
Q

How do T reg cells suppress the immune response?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory cytokine release
  • Cell lysis of immune cells
  • Blocking immune signaling
45
Q

Memory T cells are formed with

A

Clonal selection

46
Q

Memory T cell function

A

Protect body from future invasion of the same antigen

47
Q

Steps for form memory T cells or more effector cells

A
  • Naive T cells finds dendritic antigen presenting cell, T cell is activated, activated T cells are cloned
  • Either creates more effector cells or memory T cells
48
Q

T cell receptors have…

A

Has antigen binding sites that are specific

49
Q

How many types of T cell receptors are there?

A

2

50
Q

Interleukins

A

Group of cytokines

51
Q

How many T cells in the thymus do not enter circulation?

A

98%

52
Q

TH1

A
  • Direct all out response against intracellular pathogens
  • Also activates CD8
53
Q

TH2

A

Directs restrained containment response against chronic disease and extracellular parasites

54
Q

TH17

A
  • Directs response against extracellular microorganisms
  • Bacterial and fungal

DHBS 365 (10 decks)

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