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DHBS 365 > Immune System Gone Wrong: Part 1 > Flashcards

Immune System Gone Wrong: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by..

A

IgE antibodies

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2
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by…

A

IgG or IgM antibodies

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3
Q

Is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction cytotoxic?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by…

A

Immune complexes

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5
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by…

A

Cellular response

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6
Q

Are Type IV reactions immediate or delayed?

A

Delayed

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7
Q

What is the acronym to remember the four different types of sensitivity reactions?

A

ACID

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8
Q

What are the two stages that hypersensitivity reactions go through?

A
  • Sensitization stage
  • Effector stage
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9
Q

When does the sensitivity stage occur?

A

During the first exposure an individual has to an antigen

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10
Q

What happens during the sensitization stage for Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Mast cells and basophils become sensitized to the allergen

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11
Q

What happens during the sensitization stage for Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Production of antibodies to recognize substances

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12
Q

What happens during the sensitization stage for Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Presence of antibodies against the offending antigen in the serum of affected individuals

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13
Q

What happens during the sensitization stage for Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A

T cells are sensitized and memory T cells are produced, 7-10 days later

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14
Q

What is the effector stage?

A

Second or subsequent exposure to the antigen

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15
Q

What stage causes damage to the host?

A

Effector/secondary immune response

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16
Q

What type of hypersensitivity starts immediate allergic reaction?

A

Type I

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17
Q

What type of hypersensitivity uses Th2?

A

Type I

18
Q

What is atopy?

A

Hereditary predisposition to the development of immediate hypersensitivity reactions

19
Q

Atopy tends to produce what antibody in excess to extremely small amounts of naturally occurring allergens?

A

IgE

20
Q

Atopic individuals have abnormally high levels of what type of immune cell?

A

Eosinophils

21
Q

What individuals are more susceptible to allergies such as hay fever, eczema, and asthma?

A

Atopy individuals

22
Q

What is localized IgE-mediated hypersensitivity?

A

Affects a specific target tissue

23
Q

What are three examples of localized IgE mediated hypersensitivity?

A
  • Asthma
  • Eczema
  • Hay fever
24
Q

What are three examples of systemic IgE mediated hypersensitivity?

A
  • Venom
  • Drugs
  • Food
25
Q

What is systemic IgE-mediated hypersensitivity?

A
  • Affects the whole body
  • Anaphylaxis
26
Q

When can an allergen crosslink the IgE molecules bound on a mast cell?

A

During subsequent exposure

27
Q

What tells mast cells to degranulate?

A

Clustering of IgE receptors

28
Q

What is released from mast cells and basophils?

A

Histamine

29
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Vasodilate blood vessels

30
Q

What cell plays a large role in chronic allergic reactions?

A

Eosinophils

31
Q

What can lead to mast and basophil cell degranulation?

A

Crosslinking of IgE antibodies

32
Q

What does a non-allergic person do?

A

Does not response to antigen or eliminates allergen with IgG, IgM, or IgA

33
Q

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

A

Children who are exposed to bacteria are less prone to developing allergies

34
Q

How is Treg cells involved in suppressing allergic reactions?

A
  • Block mast cell activation
  • Block interleukin production
  • Block B cells from making IgE
  • Release pre-formed anaphylactic mediators
35
Q

What are the two types of treatments for allergies?

A
  • Glucocorticoid steroids
  • Specific immunotherapy
36
Q

How do glucocorticoid steroids decrease allergy symptoms?

A

Block cytokine production of helper T cells, fewer B cells are activated

37
Q

Are glucocorticoid steroids specific for treating allergies?

A

No

38
Q

What is the only cure to allergies that has been successful?

A

Specific immunotherapy/allergy shots

39
Q

What is specific immunotherapy/allergy shots?

A

Injection of gradually increasing dose of crude extractions of allergen until a maintenance dose is achieved

40
Q

What is the immediate result of specific immunotherapy/allergy shots?

A

Mast cells become more difficult to activate in response to IgE binding

41
Q

Overtime, was does specific immunotherapy/allergy shots encourage?

A

Allergen specific B cells to switch their antibody class from IgE to another class

DHBS 365 (10 decks)

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