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DHBS 365 > Normal Oral Microflora > Flashcards

Normal Oral Microflora Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral microflora?

A

The microorganisms that reside in the oral cavity

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2
Q

What type of relationship does the normal oral microflora have with the body?

A

Commensalism

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3
Q

Why is it difficult for pathogens to colonize in the oral cavity?

A

The normal microflora compete for limited space and nutrients

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4
Q

What type of bacteria is primarily supragingival?

A

Streptococci

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5
Q

Is Actinomyces gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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6
Q

Is Streptococci gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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7
Q

Is Prevotella gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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8
Q

Is Porphyromonas gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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9
Q

Is Fusobacterium gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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10
Q

Is Fusobacterium gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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11
Q

Is Veillonella gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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12
Q

What type of aerobe is Streptococci?

A

Facultative anaerobe

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13
Q

What are the five types of subgingival bacteria?

A
  • Actinomyces
  • Prevotella
  • Porphyromonas
  • Fusobacterium
  • Vellionella
    APPFV
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14
Q

What are the four Streptococci groups?

A
  • Mutans
  • Salivarius
  • Mitis
  • Angiosus
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15
Q

What shape is Streptococci?

A

Cocci

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16
Q

What color are Streptococci viridian colonies on blood agar?

A

Green

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17
Q

What pathology does the S. mutans group cause?

A

Dental caries

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18
Q

What do S. mutans produce?

A

Acid, causes low pH

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19
Q

What is S. mutans virulence property?

A

Ability to form biofilm

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20
Q

What is the primary pathogen in causing dental caries?

A

S. mutans

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21
Q

Where is Salivarius group found in the oral cavity?

A

Mucosal surfaces, including the tongue

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22
Q

Where does S. mutans colonize at in the oral cavity?

A

Tooth or denture surfaces

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23
Q

Is S. salivarius an opportunistic, primary pathogen, or part of the normal flora?

A

Opportunistic

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24
Q

Is S. vestibularis an opportunistic, primary pathogen, or part of the normal flora?

A

Normal flora

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25
Q

What are the two bacteria in the Salivarius group?

A
  • S. salivarius
  • S. vestibularis
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26
Q

What four bacteria are in the Mitis group?

A
  • S. sanguinis
  • S. gordonii
  • S. mitis
  • S. oralis
    SGMO
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27
Q

What group are the early colonizers in biofilm formation?

A

Mitis group

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28
Q

What group (primarily speaking) can become an opportunistic pathogen and cause infective endocarditis?

A

Mitis group

29
Q

What group is primarily ground in plaque formation and mucosal surfaces?

A

Anginosus group

30
Q

Is the Anginosus group a primary or opportunistic pathogen?

A

Opportunistic

31
Q

What group is involved in maxillofacial infections?

A

Anginosus group

32
Q

What are the three bacterium in the Anginosus group?

A
  • S. anginosus
  • S. intermedius
  • S. constellates
    AIC
33
Q

What are four features of gram positive bacilli?

A
  • Purple stain
  • Thick peptodiglycan layer
  • No LPS layer
  • No outer layer
34
Q

What bacilli bacterium is involved in caries formation?

A

Lactobacilli

35
Q

What pH range does Lactobacilli grow in?

A

Acidogenic and acid tolerant

36
Q

What shape is pleomorphic bacteria?

A

No distinct shape, can also be changing shape

37
Q

What shape is eubacteria?

A

Pleomorphic

38
Q

Where are Eubacteria found primarily?

A

Dental plaque, specifically in periodontal pockets

39
Q

What type of aerobes are Eubacteria?

A

Obligate anaerobes

40
Q

What type of aerobes are Propionibacterium?

A

Strict anaerobes

41
Q

Where is Propionibacterium found?

A

Dental plaque

42
Q

Where are Actinomyces species found?

A

Major component of dental plaque, found in subgingival microbiota of healthy individuals

43
Q

Can Actinomyces be a primary or opportunistic a pathogen?

A

Opportunistic

44
Q

What is acinomycosis?

A

Abcesses, chronic inflammation in the orofacial region

45
Q

What are four features of gram-negative bacteria?

A
  • Pink stain
  • Outer layer
  • LPS
  • Small layer of peptiglycogan
46
Q

What type of aerobe are the Veillonella species?

A

Anaerobic

47
Q

Is the Veillonella species gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

48
Q

Where is the Veillonella species found?

A

Dental plaque

49
Q

What bacterium is associated with aggressive periodontitis?

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA)

50
Q

What is a key bridging organism between the early colonizers and periodontal pathogens?

A

Fusobacterium species

51
Q

Where are Fusobacterium species found?

A

Low numbers in healthy subgingival biofilm, enriched in pockets

52
Q

What are the two types of Porphyromonas bacterium?

A
  • P. gingivalis
  • P. endodontalis
53
Q

What type of Porphyromonas is found in infected root canals?

A

P. endodontalis

54
Q

What type of Porphyromonas is found in advanced periodontal lesions?

A

P. gingivalis

55
Q

What type of bacterium is associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections?

A

Prevotella intermedia

56
Q

What is Campylobacter rectus a causative agent of?

A

Chronic periodontal disease

57
Q

What type of aerobe is Campylobacter rectus?

A

Strict anaerobe

58
Q

What type of aerobe is Treponema?

A

Struct anaerobe

59
Q

What is Treponema associated with?

A

Progression of periodontal disease

60
Q

If gram negative bacteria, then what opportunistic pathogen can increase?

A

Fungi

61
Q

What virus is most commonly found in the saliva and orofacial region and is the causative agent of cold sores?

A

Herpes simplex virus type 1

62
Q

What four factors can contribute to disease?

A
  • Salivary flow rate
  • Diet
  • tobacco use
  • Integrity of the immune system
63
Q

What does Tanerella forsythia cause?

A

Connective tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease

64
Q

What type of bacteria is Tanerella forsythia?

A

Gram negative anaerobe

65
Q

What is the most abundant type of fungi in the mouth?

A

Candida species

66
Q

What causes an increase likelihood of getting oral thrush/Candida overgrowth?

A

Dentures and orthodontic appliances

67
Q

What part of the mouth is environmentally suitable for gram negative obligate anaerobic bacteria that are involved in periodontal disease and halitosis?

A

Dorsum of the tongue

68
Q

What pH range is saliva typically between?

A

6.75 and 7.25

69
Q

What can gingival crevicular fluid do?

A

Remove non-adherent bacteria, introduce IgG and neutrophils, and provide peptides and carbohydrates that bacteria can use for metabolism

DHBS 365 (10 decks)

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