Overview of the Immune System

Question 1

What can the immune system do?

Answer 1

• Identify threats
• Mount an attack
• Eliminate a pathogen
• Develop mechanisms to remember the offender

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

Anything that can cause disease

Question 3

Prolonged activation of immune response leads to…

Answer 3

Chronic inflammation

Question 4

What is the first line of defense?

Answer 4

Physical barriers

Question 5

How much area is covered by skin?

Answer 5

2 square meters

Question 6

How much area is covered by mucous membranes?

Answer 6

400 square meters

Question 7

Oral mucosa

Answer 7

Mucous membrane lining inside the mouth, including cheeks and lips

Question 8

Mucous membranes relating to DH include…

Answer 8

• Oral mucosa
• Nose
• Eyes

Question 9

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 9

Innate immune system

Question 10

What is the third line of defense?

Answer 10

Adaptive/acquired immune system

Question 11

What does the adaptive immune system use?

Answer 11

Antibody protection

Question 12

What immune system is non-specific?

Answer 12

Innate

Question 13

All organisms have what kind of immunity?

Answer 13

Innate

Question 14

What immune system is acquired?

Answer 14

Adaptive

Question 15

What is passive immunity?

Answer 15

Passes in utero, from mother

Question 16

What immune system is fast?

Answer 16

Innate

Question 17

How does the innate immune system work?

Answer 17

Uses patterns of molecules characteristics of general category of pathogen

Question 18

How does the adaptive immune system work?

Answer 18

Identifies molecules (usually specific proteins) found only in a specific strain of pathogen

Question 19

TH1

Answer 19

• All out war
• If this response consumes a lot of energy and destroys many of body’s own cells
• Self preservation

Question 20

TH2

Answer 20

• Containment/cold war
• Response to chronic infections

Question 21

Treg

Answer 21

Signaling process that tells you to leave alone harmless bacteria

Question 22

Inflammatory tissue damage

Answer 22

Collateral damage during attack on pathogen

Question 23

Autoimmunity

Answer 23

When the immune system attacks your own tissues

Question 24

Cells in the innate immune system

Answer 24

• Phagocytes
• Dendritic cells
• Complements
• NK cells

Question 25

Cells in the adaptive immune system

Answer 25

- B lymphocytes, plasma cells, antibodies, APCs, T lymphocytes, effector T cells

Question 26

What are the different types of phagocytes?

Answer 26

- Macrophages - Neutrophils

Question 27

Defensive proteins

Answer 27

Complement and lysozymes

Question 28

Platelets are...

Answer 28

Cell fragments from megakaryocytes

Question 29

Platelets derive from...

Answer 29

Megakaryocytes

Question 30

Dendritic cells and macrophages derive from...

Answer 30

Monocytes

Question 31

Myeloid progenitor cell produce cells for which immune system?

Answer 31

Innate

Question 32

Lymphoid progenitor cells produce cells are which immune system primarily?

Answer 32

- Adaptive - Except NK cells

Question 33

NK cells

Answer 33

Kills your cells when infected with a virus

Question 34

Agranular leukocytes

Answer 34

- Lymphocytes, monocyte - Includes T, B, and NK cells

Question 35

Granular leukocytes

Answer 35

- Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil - Has granules in cytoplasm

Question 36

What areas are covered by mucous membranes?

Answer 36

Lining of digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts

Question 37

Why is it called innate immunity?

Answer 37

It is the immunity we are born with

Question 38

What is the additional immune defense that vertebrates have?

Answer 38

Adaptive immunity

Question 39

Allergy

Answer 39

Immune response to non-pathogens

Question 40

Adaptive characteristics

Answer 40

- Requires more time - Requires gene rearrangement - Antigen receptors

Question 41

What do hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 41

Myeloid and lymphoid