Overview of the Immune System Flashcards
What can the immune system do?
- Identify threats
- Mount an attack
- Eliminate a pathogen
- Develop mechanisms to remember the offender
Pathogen
Anything that can cause disease
Prolonged activation of immune response leads to…
Chronic inflammation
What is the first line of defense?
Physical barriers
How much area is covered by skin?
2 square meters
How much area is covered by mucous membranes?
400 square meters
Oral mucosa
Mucous membrane lining inside the mouth, including cheeks and lips
Mucous membranes relating to DH include…
- Oral mucosa
- Nose
- Eyes
What is the second line of defense?
Innate immune system
What is the third line of defense?
Adaptive/acquired immune system
What does the adaptive immune system use?
Antibody protection
What immune system is non-specific?
Innate
All organisms have what kind of immunity?
Innate
What immune system is acquired?
Adaptive
What is passive immunity?
Passes in utero, from mother
What immune system is fast?
Innate
How does the innate immune system work?
Uses patterns of molecules characteristics of general category of pathogen
How does the adaptive immune system work?
Identifies molecules (usually specific proteins) found only in a specific strain of pathogen
TH1
- All out war
- If this response consumes a lot of energy and destroys many of body’s own cells
- Self preservation
TH2
- Containment/cold war
- Response to chronic infections
Treg
Signaling process that tells you to leave alone harmless bacteria
Inflammatory tissue damage
Collateral damage during attack on pathogen
Autoimmunity
When the immune system attacks your own tissues
Cells in the innate immune system
- Phagocytes
- Dendritic cells
- Complements
- NK cells
Cells in the adaptive immune system
- B lymphocytes, plasma cells, antibodies, APCs, T lymphocytes, effector T cells
What are the different types of phagocytes?
- Macrophages
- Neutrophils
Defensive proteins
Complement and lysozymes
Platelets are…
Cell fragments from megakaryocytes
Platelets derive from…
Megakaryocytes
Dendritic cells and macrophages derive from…
Monocytes
Myeloid progenitor cell produce cells for which immune system?
Innate
Lymphoid progenitor cells produce cells are which immune system primarily?
- Adaptive
- Except NK cells
NK cells
Kills your cells when infected with a virus
Agranular leukocytes
- Lymphocytes, monocyte
- Includes T, B, and NK cells
Granular leukocytes
- Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil
- Has granules in cytoplasm
What areas are covered by mucous membranes?
Lining of digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
Why is it called innate immunity?
It is the immunity we are born with
What is the additional immune defense that vertebrates have?
Adaptive immunity
Allergy
Immune response to non-pathogens
Adaptive characteristics
- Requires more time
- Requires gene rearrangement
- Antigen receptors
What do hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into?
Myeloid and lymphoid
