Cancer and the Immune System

Question 1

Why are photo-oncogenes important?

Answer 1

They stimulate the growth of the cell during the division, preventing apoptosis

Question 2

What is an example of a tumor suppressor gene?

Answer 2

p53

Question 3

If a photo-oncogenes mutate, it is a…

Answer 3

Gain of function

Question 4

What is an oncogene?

Answer 4

Causes cancer, replicate out of control

Question 5

What happens if p53 is turned off/mutated?

Answer 5

Cancerous cells will start to replicate

Question 6

What is gain of function?

Answer 6

Overactive mutation, cells that proliferate abnormally, was an oncogene

Question 7

What is loss of function?

Answer 7

Underactive mutation, cells on both chromosomes have inactivating mutations eliminating the tumor suppressor gene, stimulates cell proliferation

Question 8

How many chromosomes are affected in loss of function?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What is the first step of cancer development

Answer 9

Escape from growth control cell cycle

Question 10

What is the second step of cancer development?

Answer 10

Increase blood supply and tumor growth

Question 11

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 11

Increasing blood supply

Question 12

What is the third step of cancer development?

Answer 12

Tumor spreads

Question 13

What is metastasis?

Answer 13

Tumor spreads

Question 14

What are the checkpoints for escape from growth control cell cycle?

Answer 14

At the end of G1, G2 and M

Question 15

What is lymphoma?

Answer 15

• Malignant
• Large clusters of immature cells from lymph nodes and other secondary organs

Question 16

Lymphoma arises in what cells?

Answer 16

Lymphocytes, includes B, T, and NK cells

Question 17

What is leukemia?

Answer 17

Immature cells fill up the bone marrow and prevent other blood cells from maturing

Question 18

What is a side affect from leukemia?

Answer 18

Lack of healthy blood cells lower one’s immune function, increases risks of infection