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DHBS 365 > Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Immunoglobulins > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Immunoglobulins Flashcards

1
Q

T cells protect our body against…

A
  • Cancer cells
  • Infected cells by pathogens
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2
Q

What do B cells produce to fight against antigens?

A

Antibodies

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3
Q

How do B cells divide?

A

Clonal expansion

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4
Q

B cells are also…

A

Antigen presenting cells

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5
Q

Swollen lymph nodes are caused by…

A
  • B or T cells dividing and making more of themselves so they can fight the infection
  • Clonal expansion
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6
Q

Who does the work in cell mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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7
Q

What do T cells fight against during cell mediated immunity?

A
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
  • Intracellular bacteria
  • Most viruses
  • Cancer cells
  • Surgically transplanted or transfused foreign tissues
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8
Q

Who does the work in humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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9
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Antibodies produced can recognize virtually any antigen and can fight infections through several mechanisms

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10
Q

What does humoral immunity fight against?

A

Extracellular organisms, some parasites, some viruses

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11
Q

Passive immunity

A

Immunity passed from mother to fetus

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12
Q

Primary source of B cell maturity occur where in fetuses?

A

Liver

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13
Q

Passive immunity uses what type of immunoglobulins?

A

IgG

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14
Q

Types of B cells

A
  • Transitional b cells
  • Naive b cells
  • Memory b cells
  • Plasma b cells
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15
Q

What are transitional B cells?

A
  • Link between immature and mature B cells
  • Travel between bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues
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16
Q

Autoantibodies

A

Antibodies that attack the host

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17
Q

Naive B cells

A

After B cell matures, remain naive till activated

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18
Q

When are naive B cells activated?

A

When a mature b cell is exposed to its specific antigen

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19
Q

Memory B cells

A
  • Remain in bloodstream after infection subsides
  • Quickly activates with help of T cells if you are reexposed to same pathogen
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20
Q

Plasma B cells

A
  • Produces antigen specific antibodies
  • Respond to chemical signals secreted by T cells during an infection
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21
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A
  • B cells
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
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22
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)

A

B cells use antibodies to tag pathogens for destruction

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23
Q

Steps to antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)

A
  • 1: Cell triggered when its receptor matches pathogen antigen
  • 2: B cell divides into antibody secreting cells/plasma cells and memory cells
  • 3: Plasma cells tag pathogens for removal and memory cells hibernate for next time
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24
Q

What uses cross linking?

A

B cells

25
Q

What do B cells recognize on pathogens?

A

Antigens with multiple and repetitive epitopes

26
Q

T cell independent B cell activation difficulties

A
  • Difficult for clustering B cells to bind and requires T cells to help
  • Most antigens are made from proteins and they are not repeating
27
Q

Is T cell independent or dependent B cell activation more common?

A

T cell dependent is more common

28
Q

T cell dependent B cell activation

A

Protein antigens cannot crosslink multiple B cell receptors

29
Q

3 signal process for T cell dependent activation?

A
  • 1: Antigen recognition and binding by B cell
  • 2: Derived from B and T cell interactions
  • 3: Cytokines released by the help T cell stimulate B cell
30
Q

CD40-CD40L interactions importance

A

Amplifies immune response and production of antibodies

31
Q

IgM

A
  • First antibody produced
  • Produced when we were born
  • Activates complement system
32
Q

IgA

A

Body secretions, newborns acquire from breastmilk

33
Q

IgE

A
  • Act as antigen receptor
  • Releases histamine
34
Q

What immunoglobulin is present in basophils and mast cells?

A

IgE

35
Q

What immunoglobulin is associated with allergic reactions?

A

IgE

36
Q

IgD

A

Monomer, don’t know much about

37
Q

IgG

A
  • Involved in opsonization
  • Can GO past placenta and give newborns passive immunity
  • As the baby is coming out
  • Helps complement system
38
Q

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin?

A

IgG

39
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins that tag antigens for destruction

40
Q

How many antigens can a B cell bind to at one time?

A

2

41
Q

How many antigens can a T cell bind to at one time?

A

1

42
Q

What can B cell receptors interact with?

A
  • Wide array of molecules
  • Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
43
Q

Epitopes

A
  • On antigen
  • Key that will go in the lock of B cell
44
Q

What do T cell receptors recognize? Why?

A

Protein antigens on MHC because they only have one binding site

45
Q

Auto reactive B cells

A

Produce antibodies against our own cells which cause autoimmunity

46
Q

Plasma cell definition

A

B lymphocytes that are responsible for the production of large amounts of antibodies

47
Q

Memory cell definition

A

B cells that are responsible for immunological memory and creating secondary immune responses

48
Q

Plasma cell main function

A

Make lots of specific antibodies

49
Q

Memory cell function

A

Remember antigens and act when exposed a second time to antigen

50
Q

Plasma cell size

A

Enlarged cells

51
Q

Memory cell size

A

Small cells

52
Q

Plasma cell lifespan

A

A couple days to months, comparatively short

53
Q

Memory cell lifespan

A

Long lived

54
Q

Active humoral imminity

A

Infection or vaccines

55
Q

Passive humoral immunity

A

The body doesn’t have to recognize an antigen and generate antibodies

56
Q

Passive humoral immunity examples?

A
  • IgG passed from mother to child
  • IgA through breast milk
57
Q

What are the two major lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity?

A

T cells and B cells

58
Q

What are the two types of adaptive immune responses?

A

Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity

59
Q

What is T cell independent B cell activation?

A

T cell independent activation occurs when B cells recognize antigens with multiple and repetitive epitopes without T cell help

DHBS 365 (10 decks)

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