Plants Flashcards
State the word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water -(light energy)-> glucose + oxygen
State the symbol equation for photosynthesis (all numbers with a ‘ are below the letter (opposite of squared))
6CO’2 + 6H’20 -(light energy)-> C’6H’12O’6 + 6O’2
What food do plants produce?
Glucose
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplasts
What does the chlorophyll do in photosynthesis?
Absorbs the light energy and converts CO’2 and water into glucose
What are the possible limiting factors in photosynthesis?
Light, CO2 and temperature
How does the rate limiting factor work in terms of photosynthesis?
You increase Light, CO2 or temp and the rate goes up until a certain point where it needs light CO2 or temp - new limiting factor
What temperature do plants denature?
About 45C
How can you make the right temperatures for plants to grow artificially?
Greenhouse - Trap sun’s heat, sun can hit the plants, water is provided. Often use a artificial light + heater in winter
How do plants use glucose in terms of respiration?
Glucose made on leaves, some used for respiration -> releases energy - rest of glucose converted into useful substances -> grow and build new cells
How do plants use glucose in terms of making cell walls?
Glucose -> Cellulose for making strong cell walls
How do plants use glucose in terms of making proteins?
Combined with nitrate ions -> amino acids -> proteins
How do plants use glucose in terms of storing fats/oils?
Turned into lipids for storing in seeds
How do plants use glucose in terms of storing starch?
Turned into starch -> stored in roots, stems, leaves.
What is good about the starch stored in the roots, stems and leaves of the plant?
Insoluble - Better for storing than glucose
Where do leaves and roots help exchange materials to?
Air and soil
Which side of the leaf is an exchange surface?
Underside
How are leaves adapted to exchange materials?
Packed with stomata, flattened shape -> large SA, air spaces increase SA, walls of cells form another exchange surface
What is the size of a stomata controlled by?
Guard cells
Where does CO2 diffuse into the leaf cell?
Air spaces then the cells
When would guard cells close?
When the leaf is losing water faster than the roots are making them
What would happen to the plant if there were no guard cells?
It would wilt
Where on the plant are most the mineral ions and water absorbed?
In the roots
What do roots have to increase the SA on them?
Root hairs
What does the phloem transport?
Food
What is a phloem made out of?
Columns of cells with small holes in the end