Plants

Question 1

State the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water -(light energy)-> glucose + oxygen

Question 2

State the symbol equation for photosynthesis (all numbers with a ‘ are below the letter (opposite of squared))

Answer 2

6CO’2 + 6H’20 -(light energy)-> C’6H’12O’6 + 6O’2

Question 3

What food do plants produce?

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 4

Chloroplasts

Question 5

What does the chlorophyll do in photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Absorbs the light energy and converts CO’2 and water into glucose

Question 6

What are the possible limiting factors in photosynthesis?

Answer 6

Light, CO2 and temperature

Question 7

How does the rate limiting factor work in terms of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

You increase Light, CO2 or temp and the rate goes up until a certain point where it needs light CO2 or temp - new limiting factor

Question 8

What temperature do plants denature?

Answer 8

About 45C

Question 9

How can you make the right temperatures for plants to grow artificially?

Answer 9

Greenhouse - Trap sun’s heat, sun can hit the plants, water is provided. Often use a artificial light + heater in winter

Question 10

How do plants use glucose in terms of respiration?

Answer 10

Glucose made on leaves, some used for respiration -> releases energy - rest of glucose converted into useful substances -> grow and build new cells

Question 11

How do plants use glucose in terms of making cell walls?

Answer 11

Glucose -> Cellulose for making strong cell walls

Question 12

How do plants use glucose in terms of making proteins?

Answer 12

Combined with nitrate ions -> amino acids -> proteins

Question 13

How do plants use glucose in terms of storing fats/oils?

Answer 13

Turned into lipids for storing in seeds

Question 14

How do plants use glucose in terms of storing starch?

Answer 14

Turned into starch -> stored in roots, stems, leaves.

Question 15

What is good about the starch stored in the roots, stems and leaves of the plant?

Answer 15

Insoluble - Better for storing than glucose

Question 16

Where do leaves and roots help exchange materials to?

Answer 16

Air and soil

Question 17

Which side of the leaf is an exchange surface?

Answer 17

Underside

Question 18

How are leaves adapted to exchange materials?

Answer 18

Packed with stomata, flattened shape -> large SA, air spaces increase SA, walls of cells form another exchange surface

Question 19

What is the size of a stomata controlled by?

Answer 19

Guard cells

Question 20

Where does CO2 diffuse into the leaf cell?

Answer 20

Air spaces then the cells

Question 21

When would guard cells close?

Answer 21

When the leaf is losing water faster than the roots are making them

Question 22

What would happen to the plant if there were no guard cells?

Answer 22

It would wilt

Question 23

Where on the plant are most the mineral ions and water absorbed?

Answer 23

In the roots

Question 24

What do roots have to increase the SA on them?

Answer 24

Root hairs

Question 25

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 25

Food

Question 26

What is a phloem made out of?

Answer 26

Columns of cells with small holes in the end

Question 27

Where does the phloem transport food to?

Answer 27

Storage organs and growing regions

Question 28

Which direction does the phloem transport food?

Answer 28

Both ways (Even though we got taught it was down)

Question 29

What is the process called when the phloem transports food?

Answer 29

Translocation

Question 30

What does the xylem transport and in which direction?

Answer 30

Water and minerals upwards

Question 31

What is the xylem made out of?

Answer 31

Dead cells joined end to end, with no walls between them and no hole down the middle

Question 32

What is the process called when the xylem moves materials around the plant?

Answer 32

Transpiration stream

Question 33

What is transpiration?

Answer 33

The loss of water from the plant

Question 34

What is transpiration caused by?

Answer 34

Evaporation and diffusion of water from inside the leaves

Question 35

What happens as a result of transpiration in a plant, and what does the plant do because of it?

Answer 35

There is a shortage of water, the plant draws more up through the xylem

Question 36

What can increase the rate of transpiration?

Answer 36

Heat, water, humidity and wind

Question 37

What is auxin?

Answer 37

A plant growth hormone

Question 38

Which areas of the plant does auxin control the growth of?

Answer 38

Tips of shoots and roots

Question 39

What is phototropism?

Answer 39

The growth of an area of a plant due to a response to light

Question 40

What is gravitropism?

Answer 40

The growth of an area of a plant due to a response to gravity

Question 41

What is hydrotropism?

Answer 41

The growth of an area of a plant due to a response to moisture

Question 42

Where is auxin produced and where does it move?

Answer 42

In the tips of a plant and moves backwards to stimulate cell elongation

Question 43

What could happen if the tip of a shoot is removed?

Answer 43

Could stop growing as auxin has been removed

Question 44

Which direction do shoots grow in relation to light?

Answer 44

Towards it

Question 45

What happens in the position of the auxin when the shoot is exposed to light?

Answer 45

More auxin accumulates on the side in the shade so the plant curves towards the light

Question 46

Which direction do shoots grow in relation to gravity?

Answer 46

Away from gravity

Question 47

How can a shoot avoid growing towards gravity?

Answer 47

The auxin accumulates on the lower side making the plant curves away from gravity

Question 48

Which direction do roots grow?

Answer 48

Towards gravity

Question 49

Which direction do roots grow in relation to moisture?

Answer 49

Towards moisture

Question 50

What makes roots grow towards moisture?

Answer 50

The plant produces more auxin on the side with more moisture causing the root to curve towards the moisture

Question 51

What are selective weedkillers made out of?

Answer 51

Plant growth hormones

Question 52

How do weedkillers work?

Answer 52

They interrupt the normal growth patterns

Question 53

When a flowering plant reproduces sexually, what does it need to produce?

Answer 53

Male and female gametes

Question 54

What is pollination?

Answer 54

The process where the male gametes are transferred to the female gametes

Question 55

What is fertilisation in terms of sexual reproduction in plants, and what happens after it?

Answer 55

When the gametes fuse together. The ovules grow into seeds inside a fruit

Question 56

What is cross-pollination?

Answer 56

When pollen is transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a different plant

Question 57

What is the male reproductive part of the plant called?

Answer 57

Stamen

Question 58

What does the stamen consist of?

Answer 58

Anther and filament

Question 59

What does the anther contain, and what do these materials do?

Answer 59

Pollen grains which produce sperm

Question 60

What is the filament and what is the function of it?

Answer 60

It is the stalk that supports the anther

Question 61

What is the female reproductive part of the plant called?

Answer 61

The carpel

Question 62

What does the carpel consist of?

Answer 62

The stigma, style and ovary

Question 63

What is the function of the stigma?

Answer 63

It is the end bit that the pollen grains attach to

Question 64

What is the style and what is the function of it?

Answer 64

The rod like section that supports the stigma

Question 65

What does the ovary contain?

Answer 65

The female gametes inside ovules

Question 66

What happens in fertilisation in the plant? (State all the processes in order)

Answer 66

Anther produces male gametes in pollen grains. These land on the stigma, which causes a pollen tube to grow down the style to the ovary A male gamete nucleus then fertilises this ovule Other male gamete nuclei fertilise endosperm nuclei -> Food sac for the embryo Endosperm + female tissue of ovule make a seed