Fighting against diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 main types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria and virus

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2
Q

How does bacteria make you feel ill?

A

Damaging cells and producing toxins

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3
Q

How do viruses make you feel ill?

A

Damaging cells

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4
Q

How do viruses reproduce quickly?

A

Hijack cells producing more duplicating themselves. Eventually cell bursts producing lots more

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5
Q

What does your body have to act as an initial defence against bacteria and viruses?

A

Hairs, skin, mucus. Has platelets to clot blood and seal wounds

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6
Q

What are the 3 ways WBCs kill pathogens?

A

Engulfing them, producing antibodies, producing antitoxins

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7
Q

Why would your body produce antibodies?

A

Kill specific antigens, produce rapidly, can be naturally immune to the pathogen you just killed

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8
Q

Why would your body produce antitoxins?

A

Counteract toxins produced by bacteria

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9
Q

Why are vaccines effective?

A

Because your body has produced antibodies to kill the initial vaccine, so if you’re effected by the same pathogen again, your body knows which antibody to produce

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10
Q

What are the pros of vaccines?

A

Controls infectious diseases, epidemics can be reduced if large % of population are vaccinated

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11
Q

What are the cons of vaccines?

A

Don’t always work, person could react to them

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12
Q

What is the purpose of drugs?

A

To relive symptoms or cure a the problem

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13
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

Kill bacteria/problem without killing body cells

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14
Q

Do antibiotics kill viruses?

A

No

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15
Q

How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

A

By mutating and then reproducing with the increased resistance

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16
Q

Why is it bad that bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics?

A

Because the resistant chain could spread rapidly and there is no effective treatment

17
Q

Why is antibiotic resistance becoming more common?

A

Doctors over-prescribing antibiotics and misuse of them. Superbugs are more common now

18
Q

What is bacteria grown in?

A

Culture medium

19
Q

What is the control in the agar jelly petri dish experiment?

A

Paper discs which hasn’t been soaked in an antibiotic

20
Q

How can you tell the effectiveness of the antibiotic against the bacteria in the petri dish experiment?

A

The size of the clear area around the paper dish

21
Q

How can you make sure the petri dish experiment doesn’t get contaminated?

A

Sterilise equipment, put a lid on dish and open it slightly when needed, store dish upside down