Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YEAR 11 - BIOLOGY > Environment and Evolution > Flashcards

Environment and Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does waste impact water?

A

Sewage and chemicals are released into it causing eutrophication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does waste impact land?

A

Toxic chemicals can get washed into water. Nuclear waste is also buried underground and household waste in landfill sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does waste impact the air?

A

Smoke and gases pollute the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 4 main activities reduce the amount of land available for farming and other animals?

A

Building, farming, dumping waste and quarrying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the stages of eutrophication

A

Mineral ions enter water causing algae to grow fast
Algae covers top of water blocking sunlight which causes plants to die and a microorganism increase
Respiration of microorganisms depletes oxygen causing fish to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Chopping down trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is there deforestation?

A

Clear land for farming, provide more food, grow crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What problems are caused by deforestation?

A

More methane in atmosphere
More CO2 in atmosphere
Less CO2 taken in
Less biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the destruction and drainage of peat bogs bad?

A

CO2 is released into the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are peat bogs formed?

A

The plants in bogs don’t fully decompose due to lack of O2 which forms peat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some ways carbon dioxide can be sequestered?

A

Oceans and lakes, peat bogs, green plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 main greenhouse gases?

A

Methane and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the consequences of global warming?

A

Rising sea levels, ice melting, extreme climates, distribution of flora and fauna will change, reduced biodiversity in affected areas, changes in migration patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the theory of evolution?

A

More than 3 billion years ago, life on earth began as simple organisms from which more complex ones evolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are ALL organisms related?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do similar species have similar genes?

A

Because they share a recent common ancestor

17
Q

Why was Darwin’s theory of evolution only slowly accepted?

A

Went against religious beliefs, wasn’t a good explanation as to why new characteristics were developed, wasn’t enough evidence

18
Q

What was Lamarck’s theory?

A

If an animal used a characteristic a lot, it would become more developed

19
Q

What are fossils?

A

Remains of flora and fauna

20
Q

What are the 3 ways fossils can form in rocks?

A

From gradual replacement by minerals, casts and impressions and preservation

21
Q

How are fossils formed by gradual replacement by minerals?

A

Bones etc are replaced by minerals as they decay forming rock-like substances

22
Q

How are fossils formed by casts and impressions?

A

When an organism is buried in something like clay, the clay hardens around it forming an impression

23
Q

How are fossils formed by preservation?

A

In places where no decay happens, the decay microbes don’t work allowing preservation

24
Q

Why does extinction happen?

A

Because an organism can’t evolve quickly enough

25
Q

Name some reasons as to why species become extinct

A

Environment changes quickly, new predator, new disease, can’t compete, catastrophic event, new species develops

26
Q

What is speciation?

A

The development of a new species

27
Q

When does speciation occur?

A

When populations of the same species become so different they can no longer breed together to produce fertile offspring

28
Q

What are causes for speciation?

A

Isolation and natural selection

29
Q

Describe what happens in natural selection of a population which has recently been isolated

A

Genetic variation due to wide range of alleles, survival of the fittest allows successful genes to be passed on, alleles which control beneficial characteristics are more likely to be passed on

30
Q

What is biomass?

A

The mass of living material

31
Q

How can the efficiency of food production be improved?

A

Reduce number of stages in food chain

Restricting energy loss by farm animals

32
Q

How can you restrict energy loss by farm animals?

A

Battery farming

33
Q

What are some arguments against factory/battery farming?

A

Cruel -> Growing demand for organic food
Crowded conditions make disease spread faster
Antibiotic immunity in animal
Fossil fuels used to keep animal warm

34
Q

How are elements cycled back to the start of the food chain?

A

By decay

35
Q

What conditions make decay faster?

A

Warmer, moist and aerobic conditions

36
Q

What factors contribute to CO2 in the air?

A

Burning, plant and animal respiration, decay

YEAR 11 - BIOLOGY (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions