Breathing and Circulation Flashcards
Why do you breathe more quickly when doing exercise?
To meet the demand for more extra oxygen, and for more carbon dioxide to be removed
What happens to the glycogen when you are undergoing exercise
Glycogen is converted back to glucose
When is anaerobic respiration used?
When there is not enough oxygen
State the equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose -> Lactic acid + energy
What are the disadvantages for anaerobic respiration?
Produces lactic acid - painful, doesn’t release as much energy as aerobic respiration
What is the advantage for aerobic respiration?
You can work your muscles for longer
How does your body repay the oxygen debt made from anaerobic respiration?
Breathing heavily for longer, thirst for water
How does your body remove the lactic acid produced from anaerobic respiration?
Blood oxidises the lactic acid which turns into CO2 and water.
Where are the lungs located?
In the thorax
Which part of the body is the thorax?
The top part (separated from the lower part by abs)
Describe the path air takes when entering your body
Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Very good blood supply, moist lining, large blood supply, large SA
Describe what happens to your body when you breathe in
Intercostal muscles contract pulling rib cage up
Diaphragm contracts flattening out
Thorax volume increases
Pressure decreases (Now lower than pressure outside which draws air in)
Describe what happens to your body when you breathe out
Intercostal muscles relax which moves ribcage down
Diaphragm relaxes and becomes domed again
Thorax volume decreases
Pressure increases which makes air leave the lungs
What are the 2 types of ventilator?
Positive and negative pressure ventilators
How does a negative pressure ventilator work?
Air is pumped out of the case which lowers the pressure around the chest
Lungs expand which draws air into them
Air is then pumped into the case producing the opposite effect - air leaves the lungs
How does a positive pressure ventilator work?
Air is pumped into the lungs which expands the ribcage
When air stops pumping the ribcage relaxes which pushes air out of the lungs
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose
Where does respiration go in your body?
Into every cell
Where do most of the reactions for anaerobic respiration occur in your body?
In the mitochondria
State the symbol and word equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) → 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + Energy
(numbers in brackets are indices below the line)
Name examples where you can use the energy released by respiration
Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
Allow muscles to contract
Keep body temperature constant
Build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids
What is the circulatory system made of?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
What does the first circulatory system do?
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. The blood then returns to the heart
What does the seconds circulatory system do?
Pumps oxygenated blood to all organs. The deoxygenated blood then returns to the heart to be pumped to the lungs again