Adaptations Flashcards
What are the 3 types of adaptations?
Structural, behavioural, functional
How are fleas adapted to live on inside the hosts?
Sharp mouthparts, flattened and hard body, long back legs
What are the benefits of the sharp mouth parts, flattened and hard body and long back legs on the flea?
Mouth - Break skin to suck blood
Body - Not easily brushed off or damaged when scratched
Legs - Jump between hosts
How are tapeworms adapted to live inside hosts?
Suckers and hooks, body with flattened segment and no gut, thick outer cuticle
What are the benefits of Suckers and hooks, body with flattened segment and no gut, thick outer cuticle?
Suckers and hooks - Hold on to wall of intestine
Body - Large SA for absorbing food
Cuticle - Stop getting digested by enzymes
What is a structural adaption?
Features of an organism’s body structure e.g shape or colour to hide from a predator
What is a behavioural adaption?
The way an organism behaves e.g migrating to a hotter area
What is a functional adaption?
Things that go on in an organism’s body e.g reproduction and metabolism
What is an extremophile?
A microorganism adapted to live in an extreme climate e.g volcano vent or at the sea bed
What do plants compete for?
Light, space, water, minerals
What do animals compete for?
Territory, food, water and mates
What 2 factors cause environmental change?
Living and non living
What is an example of a living factor (environmental change)?
Change in competition
What is an example of a non-living factor (environmental change)
Change in temp, food, light, water, habitats, O2 and CO2
What can cause a population size to increase?
More prey, less competition
What can cause a population to decrease?
Less food, more disease
What can measure environmental change?
Living indicators e.g organisms
What is an example of organism to look at air pollution?
Lichen
What name is given to organisms which are very sensitive to changes in their environment?
Indicator species
Name some examples of non-living indicators which can be used to measure environmental change
Satellites, automatic weather stations, rain gauges, dissolved oxygen meters
What are some advantages of using living indicators in environmental change?
Quick, cheap and easy
Long term view because populations change
What are some disadvantages of using living indicators in environmental change?
Survival can be impacted by other factors e.g temp
What are some advantages of using non-living indicators in environmental change?
Directly measured -> reliable
Exact pollutants can be identified and so can concentrations
What are some disadvantages of using non-living indicators in environmental change?
Expensive, trained workers needed, only gives a snapshot
What is a habitat?
A place where an organism lives
What impacts the distribution and where an organism is found?
Environmental factors
What do we use quadrats for?
To measure the distribution of small organisms
What do we use transects for?
Measuring the distribution of organisms along a line
What can make results valid?
Controlling all variables, making results repeatable and reliable as well as answering the question
