Adaptations

Question 1

What are the 3 types of adaptations?

Answer 1

Structural, behavioural, functional

Question 2

How are fleas adapted to live on inside the hosts?

Answer 2

Sharp mouthparts, flattened and hard body, long back legs

Question 3

What are the benefits of the sharp mouth parts, flattened and hard body and long back legs on the flea?

Answer 3

Mouth - Break skin to suck blood
Body - Not easily brushed off or damaged when scratched
Legs - Jump between hosts

Question 4

How are tapeworms adapted to live inside hosts?

Answer 4

Suckers and hooks, body with flattened segment and no gut, thick outer cuticle

Question 5

What are the benefits of Suckers and hooks, body with flattened segment and no gut, thick outer cuticle?

Answer 5

Suckers and hooks - Hold on to wall of intestine
Body - Large SA for absorbing food
Cuticle - Stop getting digested by enzymes

Question 6

What is a structural adaption?

Answer 6

Features of an organism’s body structure e.g shape or colour to hide from a predator

Question 7

What is a behavioural adaption?

Answer 7

The way an organism behaves e.g migrating to a hotter area

Question 8

What is a functional adaption?

Answer 8

Things that go on in an organism’s body e.g reproduction and metabolism

Question 9

What is an extremophile?

Answer 9

A microorganism adapted to live in an extreme climate e.g volcano vent or at the sea bed

Question 10

What do plants compete for?

Answer 10

Light, space, water, minerals

Question 11

What do animals compete for?

Answer 11

Territory, food, water and mates

Question 12

What 2 factors cause environmental change?

Answer 12

Living and non living

Question 13

What is an example of a living factor (environmental change)?

Answer 13

Change in competition

Question 14

What is an example of a non-living factor (environmental change)

Answer 14

Change in temp, food, light, water, habitats, O2 and CO2

Question 15

What can cause a population size to increase?

Answer 15

More prey, less competition

Question 16

What can cause a population to decrease?

Answer 16

Less food, more disease

Question 17

What can measure environmental change?

Answer 17

Living indicators e.g organisms

Question 18

What is an example of organism to look at air pollution?

Answer 18

Lichen

Question 19

What name is given to organisms which are very sensitive to changes in their environment?

Answer 19

Indicator species

Question 20

Name some examples of non-living indicators which can be used to measure environmental change

Answer 20

Satellites, automatic weather stations, rain gauges, dissolved oxygen meters

Question 21

What are some advantages of using living indicators in environmental change?

Answer 21

Quick, cheap and easy

Long term view because populations change

Question 22

What are some disadvantages of using living indicators in environmental change?

Answer 22

Survival can be impacted by other factors e.g temp

Question 23

What are some advantages of using non-living indicators in environmental change?

Answer 23

Directly measured -> reliable

Exact pollutants can be identified and so can concentrations

Question 24

What are some disadvantages of using non-living indicators in environmental change?

Answer 24

Expensive, trained workers needed, only gives a snapshot

Question 25

What is a habitat?

Answer 25

A place where an organism lives

Question 26

What impacts the distribution and where an organism is found?

Answer 26

Environmental factors

Question 27

What do we use quadrats for?

Answer 27

To measure the distribution of small organisms

Question 28

What do we use transects for?

Answer 28

Measuring the distribution of organisms along a line

Question 29

What can make results valid?

Answer 29

Controlling all variables, making results repeatable and reliable as well as answering the question