Enzymes and Digestion

Question 1

What are simple carbs made up of?

Answer 1

One or two sugar units

Question 2

What are large complex carbs made up of?

Answer 2

Many smaller carbs joined together in a long chain

Question 3

Give examples of simple and complex carbs

Answer 3

Simple: Glucose, sucrose
Complex: Starch, cellulose

Question 4

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 4

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

How many molecules does a lipid contain of glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 5

1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids

Question 6

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 6

Long chains of amino acids

Question 7

What is special about these long chains of amino acids?

Answer 7

They’re folded into specific shape -> allows molecules to fit in to the protein

Question 8

What is the function of antibodies?

Answer 8

Fight disease, produced by WBC, part of immune system

Question 9

What is the function of hormones?

Answer 9

Carry messages around body

Question 10

What is the function of structural proteins?

Answer 10

Make up tissues in the body

Question 11

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 11

Control chemical reactions in the body, Are specific to allow certain molecules to fit into it.

Question 12

Define catalyst

Answer 12

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up

Question 13

Why do living things produce enzymes?

Answer 13

To speed up useful reactions

Question 14

What is a substrate?

Answer 14

A molecule which is changed in a reaction

Question 15

Where place does the substrate join the enzyme (in the enzyme)

Answer 15

Active site

Question 16

How many reactions does an enzyme usually catalyse?

Answer 16

1

Question 17

What does changing a temperature in a mammal usually do?

Answer 17

Speeds up all reactions. Useful and un-useful ones

Question 18

What does increasing the temperature do to an enzyme (all stages)

Answer 18

Increases initial rate, but when too hot, active site changes and the enzyme denatures

Question 19

Why is it important that the pH in an enzyme is suitable for it?

Answer 19

Because if it isn’t, the active site will change and the enzyme will denature

Question 20

Do all enzymes have the same optimum pH?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What do digestive enzymes do to molecules?

Answer 21

Break them down into smaller ones

Question 22

Give examples of big and small molecules

Answer 22

Big: Starch, proteins, lipids
Small: Sugars, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids

Question 23

What is the difference between insoluble and soluble in terms of size?

Answer 23

Insoluble: Big
Soluble: Small

Question 24

What molecules does amylase breakdown and where does it work and made?

Answer 24

Converts starch into sugars. Works in mouth and SI, made in SI, pancreas or salivary glands

Question 25

What molecules does protease breakdown and where does it work and made?

Answer 25

Converts proteins into amino acids. Works in stomach and SI, made in stomach, pancreas or SI

Question 26

What molecules does lipase breakdown and where does it work and made?

Answer 26

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. Works in SI, made in SI and pancreas

Question 27

What is the role of bile and where is it produced and stored?

Answer 27

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats. Made liver and stored in gall bladder

Question 28

Where is bile released into?

Answer 28

SI

Question 29

Why does bile neutralise the stomach acid?

Answer 29

Too allow enzymes to work there as the conditions are too acidic

Question 30

How does bile make the digestion of fats quicker?

Answer 30

Breaks them down into tiny droplets increasing the SA

Question 31

What enzyme does the salivary glands produce?

Answer 31

Amylase

Question 32

What does the liver produce to help with digestion?

Answer 32

Bile

Question 33

What is the purpose of the gall bladder in relation to digestion?

Answer 33

Stores bile before it's released into the SI

Question 34

What is the purpose of the SI in relation to digestion and what enzymes does it produce?

Answer 34

Protease, lipase and amylase. Where food is absorbed into the blood

Question 35

What is the purpose of the stomach in relation to digestion and what enzymes does it produce?

Answer 35

Pummels food, produces pepsin, protease and Hcl

Question 36

Why does the stomach produce Hcl?

Answer 36

Kill bacteria, give pepsin the optimum pH to work in

Question 37

What enzymes does the pancreas produce and where does it release them?

Answer 37

Amylase, protease, lipase, releases them into the duodenum

Question 38

What is the purpose of the LI in relation to digestion?

Answer 38

Absorbs a lot of the water mixed in with the food

Question 39

What is the purpose of the anus in relation to digestion?

Answer 39

Where you shit out all the faeces

Question 40

What stains wash out easier, soluble or insoluble ones?

Answer 40

Soluble

Question 41

What do non-biological detergents contain?

Answer 41

Chemicals

Question 42

What do biological detergents contain?

Answer 42

Enzymes and same chemicals in non-biological detergents

Question 43

What is the source of stain for proteins and lipids?

Answer 43

Proteins: Blood, grass Lipids: Butter, oil

Question 44

What are the enzymes called for proteins and lipids?

Answer 44

Protease and lipase

Question 45

What is the product of proteins and lipids?

Answer 45

Amino acids, fatty acids + glycerol

Question 46

What enzymes are used in baby food to pre-digest it and why?

Answer 46

Proteases. Makes food easier for the baby to digest

Question 47

What enzymes turn starch syrup into sugar syrup?

Answer 47

Carbohydrases

Question 48

What enzyme is used to turn glucose syrup into fructose syrup and why?

Answer 48

Isomerase -> get same sweetness level without adding too many calories