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Biology 1 > Plant Terms > Flashcards

Plant Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Storage polysaccharide in archaeplastida

A

Starch

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2
Q

Specialized structures in which gametes develop; bounded by a sterile layer (jacket) of cells

A

Jacketed gametangia

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3
Q

Immature sporophyte stage

A

Embryo (plant)

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4
Q

Waxy layer associated with plant epidermis

A

Cuticle (plant)

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5
Q

Spindle microtubules that persist into telophase of mitosis and are arrayed perpendicular to the plane of cell division

A

Phragmoplast

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6
Q

Region of cell division that forms at the apex of a growth axis

A

Apical meristem

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7
Q

Decay-resistant component or spore and/or pollen walls

A

Sporopollenin

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8
Q

The mosses

A

Bryophyta

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9
Q

The ferns

A

Pterophyta

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10
Q

The flowering plants (aka angiosperms)

A

Anthophyta

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11
Q

Opening in epidermal surface of plants; guard cell turgid determines if it is open or closed; site of gas exchange

A

Stomata (stoma)

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12
Q

Water (and inorganic ion) conducting tissue. Dead at functional maturity

A

Xylem

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13
Q

Sugar (in water) conducting tissue;alive at functional maturity

A

Phloem

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14
Q

Plant organ primarily associated with photosynthesis

A

Leaf

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15
Q

Plant organ primarily associated with support and transport

A

Stem

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16
Q

Plant organ primarily associated with anchoring and uptake of water and nutrients

A

Root

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17
Q

Function of one sperm nucleus with egg and fusion of second sperm nucleus with polar nuclei

A

Double fertilization

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18
Q

Diplobionic life history where distinct, multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages are present

A

Alternation of generation

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19
Q

The haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages are morphologically distinct from one another

A

Heterotrophic alternation of generation

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20
Q

Life history involving alternation of generations

A

Diplobionic

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21
Q

Life history where only one stage (haploid or diploid) is dominant, actively growing or multicellular

A

Haplobionic

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22
Q

Haploid phase in alternation of generation; produces gametes by mitosis (plus cytokinesis)

A

Gametophyte

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23
Q

Diploid phase in alternation of generation; produces spores by meiosis (plus cytokinesis)

A

Sporophyte

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24
Q

Plasmogamy with karyogamy; Union of gametes (often egg and sperm)

A

Fertilization

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25
Q

First cell (haploid) of the gametophyte generation

A

Spore (plant)

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26
Q

Diploid cell in a sporangioum that is destined to undergo meiosis to produce spores

A

Spore mother cell (sporophyte)

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27
Q

Specialized structure that contains spore mother cells that undergo meiosis to produce spores

A

Sporangium

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28
Q

Diploid cell which is (generally) the product of the Union of egg (female gamete) and sperm (male gamete)

A

Zygote

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29
Q

The mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

A

Bryophytes

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30
Q

Stalk-like structure that supports a sporangium

A

Seta

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31
Q

Jacketed gametangia me that produces sperm

A

Antheridia

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32
Q

Jacketed gametangia my that produces an egg

A

Archegonium

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33
Q

Another name for sporangium

A

Capsule

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34
Q

Tooth-shaped covering at apex of moss sporangia; teeth open and close in response to changes I humidity

A

Peristome teeth

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35
Q

Moss found in acid bog

A

Sphagnum

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36
Q

An aggregation of sporangia (ferns)

A

Sorus (sori)

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37
Q

Immature seed; when it is mature it is comprised of Integument, mega sporangium, and female gametophyte

A

Ovule

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38
Q

Ovule that has received pollen, when it is mature it is comprised of seed coat, mega sporangium (0r other nutritional tissue) and embryo

A

Seed

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39
Q

Naked-seeded plants (e.g. Conifers)

A

Gymnosperm

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40
Q

Seasonal or annual loss of plant structure– usually in reference to leaves

A

Decidious

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41
Q

Two types of spores are produced: micro and megaspores

A

Heterospory

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42
Q

Sporangium in which micro spores are produced by meiosis

A

Microsporangium

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43
Q

Diploid cell (in microsporangium) destined to undergo meiosis to produce micro spores

A

Microspores mother cell (aka microsporocyte)

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44
Q

Microspores develop into (x); develop in pollen in seed plants

A

Microgametophyte

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45
Q

Transport stage that contains the microgametophyte; in seed plants only

A

Pollen

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46
Q

Sporangium in which Megaspores are produced by meiosis

A

Megasporangim

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47
Q

Diploid cell (in megasporagium) destined to undergo meiosis to produce megaspores

A

Megaspores mother cell (aka megasporocyte)

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48
Q

First cell (haploid) of the mega gametophyte generation (the product of meiotic division of megaspores mother cell)

A

Megaspore

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49
Q

First cell (haploid) of the microgametophyte generation (the product of meiotic division of a microspore mother cell)

A

Microspore

50
Q

Megaspores develop into (x); develop in ovules in seed plants

A

Megametophyte

51
Q

Seed leaf (dicots) or scutellum (monocots)

52
Q

Reproduction structure in flowering plants comprised of ranks of modified leaves (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels)

53
Q

Lowest rank of floral parts; often leaf-like

54
Q

The second lowest rank of floral parts; often involved in attracting pollinators

55
Q

The complement of sepals on a flower

56
Q

The complement of petals on a flower

57
Q

The rank of floral parts that bears microsporangia; comprised of filaments and anthers (typically four microsporangia)

58
Q

The portion of the stamen that bears microsproangia

59
Q

Stalk-like structure that supports an anther (part of a stamen)

60
Q

The rank of floral parts that bears megasporagium contained in ovules; comprised of stigma, style, and ovary

A

Carpel (aka pistil)

61
Q

Pollen-receptive surface (usually the apex) of a carpel

A

Stigma (angiosperms)

62
Q

Portion of carpel that connects stoma to ovary

63
Q

Basal portion of carpel that contains one or more ovules

64
Q

Fully developed ovary (following pollination)

65
Q

The act of pollen reaching the stigmatic surface (by wind, insect, bird, bat or waterO

A

Pollination

66
Q

The phenomenon of disseminating or distributing seeds after they have matured; often aided by the fruit

A

Seed dispersal

67
Q

Having a single seed leaf (cotyledon)

A

Monocotyledon

68
Q

Having two seed leaves (cotyledons)

A

Dicotyledon

69
Q

Having floral parts in threes or multiples of threes (typical of monocots)

70
Q

Having floral parts in fours or multiples of four (typical of dicots)

A

Tetramerous

71
Q

Having floral parts in fives or multiples of fives (typical of dicots)

A

Pentamerous

72
Q

Veins or leaf are or appear to be parallel to be another (typical of many monocots)

A

Parallel venation

73
Q

Vein of leaf are branched and form a network (typical of dicots)

A

Netted (reticulate) venation

74
Q

Region of vascular tissue development

75
Q

Vascular tissue that forms bundles that are scattered throughout the ground tissue (as seen in cross sections); primarily a monocot stem feature

A

Atactostele

76
Q

Vascular tissue that forms bundles that are arranged in a ring in the ground tissue (as seen in cross sections); primarily a dicot stem feature

77
Q

Pattern of root development with no main root axis; primarily a monocot feature

A

Fibrous root

78
Q

Pattern of root development with a main root axis; primarily a dicot feature

79
Q

Pollen tubes develop from pores; is typical of monocot plants

A

Single pollen pore

80
Q

Pollen tubes develop from pores; is also typical of monocots

A

3 pollen pores

81
Q

The part of the plant comprising the above-ground components: leaves and stems

A

Shoot system

82
Q

The part of the plant comprising the below ground components

A

Root system

83
Q

Cellular processes of root epidermal cells; associated with regio of root involved in absorption

A

Root hairs

84
Q

Point of origin for leaves and branches in a shoot system

85
Q

That portion of the stem that connects one node to another

A

Internodes

86
Q

Bud found at the apex of the shoot system; includes an apical meristem

A

Terminal bud

87
Q

Bud found in the axis of a leaf (the angle between petiole and stem axis)

A

Auxiliary (lateral) bud

88
Q

Stalk-like structure of a leaf

89
Q

The flattened portion of a leaf; primary site of photosynthesis

A

Blade (lamina)

90
Q

Leaf comprised of many leaflets/blades

A

Compound leaf

91
Q

Leaf comprised of a single blade

A

Simple leaf

92
Q

Tissue that develops into epidermis

A

Dermal tissue (plants)

93
Q

Tissue that develops into conducting tissue (xylem and phloem)

A

Vascular tissue (plants)

94
Q

Tissue that develops into cortex and pith

A

Ground tissue (plants)

95
Q

Outer layer of cells (bears cuticle in plants)

96
Q

Outer tissue layer (dead cells) of bark

A

Periderm (cork)

97
Q

Periderm plus secondary phloem

98
Q

Fundamental cell/tissue type; can differentiate into all other cell/tissue types

A

Parenchyma (plant)

99
Q

Structural tissue (augmented primary cell wall( that is living at maturity

A

Collenchyma

100
Q

Structural tissue (lignified secondary cell walls) that is dead at maturity

A

Sclerenchyma

101
Q

Xylem cell with tapered ends and pit connections; dead at maturity (strengthened with secondary cell walls)

102
Q

Xylem cell with large openings at both ends; dead at maturity (strengthened with secondary cell walls)

103
Q

Phloem cell with sieve plates that allow movement of sugar from one cell to the next; living at maturity, but lack nucleus

A

Sieve tube

104
Q

Phloem cell that is paired with sieve tubes; functions in phloem loading and unloading; directs operations in sieve tube that lacks a nucleus

A

Companion cell

105
Q

Growth associated with primary (apical) meristems; this would be the shoot tips and root tips; adds to the length of the plant

A

Primary growth

106
Q

Growth associated with secondary (lateral) meristems; this is the mostly vascular cambium that produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem; only associated with dicots

A

Secondary growth

107
Q

Meristem that adds girt to a stem or root; only associated with dicots

A

Lateral meristem

108
Q

Region of ground tissue that lies between the stele (site of vascular tissue) and the epidermis

109
Q

Physical description of stele found in roots of many plants

A

Vascular cylinder

110
Q

Innermost layer of cortex; possess a waxy layer (aka casuarina strip) that prevents apoplastic (in the spaces between cells) water movement

A

Endodermis

111
Q

Outermost layer of vascular cylinder in roots; cells have meristematic potential to produce branch roots

112
Q

Region of ground tissue that lies at the center of a root or stem

113
Q

The product of activity of the pericycle

A

Branch root

114
Q

Immature leaf

A

Leaf primordium

115
Q

Middle layer of leaf tissue (between epidemal layers)

116
Q

Layer of mesophiyll cells arranged in parallel columns (palisad); primary site of photosynthesis in dicot leaves; lies just beneath the upper epidermis

A

Palisade mesophyll

117
Q

Layer of mesophyll cells loosely arranged (spongy); primary site of gas and vapor exchange in dicot leaves; leis just beneath the palisade layer and extends to the lower epidermis

A

Spongy mesophyll

118
Q

Secondary (lateral) meristem that produces wood (secondary xylem) and secondary phloem in dicots

A

Vascular cambium

119
Q

Secondary (lateral) meristem that produces the corky layer in bark (only dicots)

A

Cork cambium

120
Q

Secondary xylem produced in the spring of an annual growth ring

A

Spring wood

121
Q

Secondary xylem produced in the summer of an annual growth ring

A

Summer wood

Biology 1 (14 decks)

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