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Biology 1 > Animals Lecture 9-11 > Flashcards

Animals Lecture 9-11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

base of the vertebrae

A

notochord

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2
Q

brain case

A

cranium

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3
Q

cartilagenous skull, lack jaws, lack vertebrate, small brain, eye and nasal opening, keratin based teeth, marine, bottom-dwelling scavengers

A

myxini hagfish

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4
Q

myxini

A

hagfish

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5
Q

freshwater and marine, jawless, larvae also known as ammocoetes larva, benthic filter feeders, similar to lanceletes, notochord is cartilage, keratin teeth, tongue has hard parts, adults are giant fish, ectoparasites, haemophagic, use rasping tongue to penetrate skin

A

petromyzontida, lamprey

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6
Q

petromyzontida

A

lamprey

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7
Q

stoma

A

mouth

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8
Q

gnatha

A

jaw

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9
Q

jaws evolve from (x)

A

ancestral pharyngeal gill arches

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10
Q

gnathostomes have

A

jaws, mineralized skeletons, appendicular skeleton

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11
Q

limbs are a part of the (x) skeleton

A

appendicular, some fins are apart of it as well

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12
Q

also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. it is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate, in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bones—vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. it houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord

A

vertebral collumn

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13
Q

the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the bones or cartilage that support the appendages. Appendages appeared as fins in early fish, and subsequently evolved into the limbs of tetrapods.

A

appendicular skeleton

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14
Q

each of a pair of fins situated on either side just behind a fish’s head, helping to control the direction of movement during locomotion. They correspond to the forelimbs of other vertebrates.

A

pectoral fins

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15
Q

each of a pair of fins on the underside of a fish’s body, attached to the pelvic girdle and helping to control direction

A

pelvic fins

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16
Q

icthy

A

fish

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17
Q

chondro

A

cartilage

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18
Q

chondrichthyes

A

cartilagenous fishes

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19
Q

two different types of things together; prominent pectoral fins

A

chimera

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20
Q

osteo

A

bone

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21
Q

actinopterigii

A

ray-finned fish

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22
Q

pteri

A

wing

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23
Q

actino

A

ray

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24
Q

are there more marine or fresh water fish

A

equal

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25
Q

why are there so many more freshwater fish

A

freshwater is separated by land so more diverse fish evolve

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26
Q

dipnoi

A

lungfish

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27
Q

a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the these through its tubular branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic.
The bronchioles eventually end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood. Carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can be exhaled.

A

lungs

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28
Q

an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.

A

swim bladder

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29
Q

each of the long, slender bony protuberances supporting the fins of most bony fishes.

A

fin rays

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30
Q

swim bladder is a derived version of a (x) used for buoyancy

A

lung

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31
Q

noi

A

lung

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32
Q

found in south american, africa, aulstralia, below equator, two breathing mechanisms, spend most of their lives living in a cuncoon, feeds during monsoon season, live for a year or three at a time in cucoon

A

dipnoi, lungfish

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33
Q

meaning of amphibia

A

double life

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34
Q

urodela ex

A

salamanders and newts

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35
Q

anurans ex

A

frogs and toads

36
Q

apoda ex

A

caecilians

37
Q

feathered, toothless, endotherms, gene sequence always comes up with reptiles as monophyletic group

A

birds

38
Q

toothless, carapace and plastron shells,

A

turtles

39
Q

squamates

A

lizards and snakes

40
Q

squamate means

A

scaly

41
Q

produce a toxic or repellent secretion with an effect on various vertebrate species; this is one of the principal elements in amphibian defense

A

granular gland

42
Q

produce a mucus which plays a part in a variety of functions: cutaneous respiration, reproduction, thermoregulation and defense

A

mucous gland

43
Q

The type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and prototherian (egg-laying) mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion. The shell of the egg is either calcium-based or leathery.

A

amniotic egg

44
Q

bony deposits forming scales, plates or other structures in the dermal layers of the skin

A

osteoderms

45
Q

Scales and feathers are (x) based

A

keratin

46
Q

rugose corals go extinct

A

permian-triassic

47
Q

trilobites go extinct

A

permian-triassic

48
Q

blastoids go extinct

A

permian-triassic

49
Q

brachiopods go nearly extinct and continue with reduced diversity

A

permian-triassic

50
Q

crinoids nearly extinct and continued with reduced diversity

A

permian-triassic

51
Q

ammonites go extinct

A

creataceous-tertiary

52
Q

hybodontid sharks go extinct

A

cretacious-tertiary

53
Q

dinosaurs (except birds) go extinct

A

cretacious-tertiary

54
Q

pterosuars go extinct

A

cretacious-tertiary

55
Q

plesiosaurs go extinct

A

cretacious-tertiary

56
Q

icthyosaurs go extinct

A

cretacious-tertiary

57
Q

mammals diversified

A

pretty recently

58
Q

most mesozoic mammals look like

A

rodents/possum

59
Q

types of mammals

A

monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians

60
Q

monotreme ex

A

platypus and kidna

61
Q

only mammal group that lays eggs, have hair and mammary glands, urinary and digestive and reproductive all come out one whole, both male and female have mammary glands

A

monotremes

62
Q

marsupial ex

A

kangaroo, possum, tasmanian devil

63
Q

fetus huddle on nipple, short period of development, then baby climbs into pouch thing, a lot in australia and south america

A

marsupials

64
Q

(x) usually do better than other groups when fighting for the same area

A

eutherians

65
Q

originally from africa, ex: elephants, manatees

A

afrotheria

66
Q

mostly in central and south america, only on in USA are armadillos; ex: sloths, anteaters

A

xenathra

67
Q

(x) toes are good for running

A

one

68
Q

animals that need to run often live in (x) environments

A

open area

69
Q

odd toed ungulates

A

perissodactyla

70
Q

perissodactyla ex

A

horse, rhino,

71
Q

even toed ungulates

A

cetartiodactyla

72
Q

cetartiodactyla ex

A

pigs, deer, giraffes, camels, cows, hippos, whales, dolphins

73
Q

ex of carnivora

A

cats, dogs, bears, weasels, seals

74
Q

chiroptera

A

bats

75
Q

bats have long ass

A

fingers

76
Q

keeping juvenile characteristics in adults

A

paedmorphic

77
Q

only group of humans with no nethanderthal genes

A

africans

78
Q

wealthy countries prodcue (x) offspring

A

less

79
Q

overall, the population is getting

A

older

80
Q

any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans, mammals, and some other animals.

A

hair

81
Q

the milk-producing gland of women or other female mammals.

A

mammary glands

82
Q

a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract for the release of both excretory and genital products in vertebrates (except most mammals) and certain invertebrates. Specifically, the cloaca is present in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes.

A

cloaca

83
Q

he more northern of two supercontinents that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent around 300 to 200 million years ago. Wikipedia

A

laurasia

84
Q

an ancient supercontinent that broke up about 180 million years ago. The continent eventually split into landmasses we recognize today: Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula.

A

gondwana

85
Q

a pouch that protects eggs, offspring, or reproductive structures, especially the pouch of a female marsupial mammal.

A

marsupium

86
Q

retention by an organism of juvenile or even larval traits into later life. There are two aspects of it: acceleration of sexual maturation relative to the rest of development (progenesis) and retardation of bodily development with respect to the onset of reproductive activity (neoteny).

A

paedomorphosis

87
Q

a perforated plate by which the entry of seawater into the vascular system of an echinoderm is controlled.

A

madreporite

Biology 1 (14 decks)

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