Plant Structures (lesson 16) Flashcards
Plants are composed of
of two main systems
Within each system, there are
different
structures
These structures are composed of different
specialized cells that
assist in their function
Plants are composed of
specialized cells
Like animals, plants also have undifferentiated cells…
Meristematic cells
the bud
These are the vascular tissues of plants
Xylem:
ONLY transports water
-it only transports water in one direction (upwards) because that’s what makes them beautiful :)
“Xy to the sky”
Phloem:
transports nutrients GLUCOSE
Transports in both directions because the leaves will produce glucose and then will send it to the ground tissue for storage
Stoma(ta): cells
cell structure
-opening/pore
–underside of leaves
-gas exchange (CO2 in/O2 out)
Guard cells
-found on either side of the stoma
-control the opening and closing of the stoma
-they swell or shrink with water
when stoma is open
they can do gas exchange
why would they close the stoma
water is constantly leaving the plant (transporation)
to prevent water loss
the amount of water depends on whether or not the
guard cells will stay opened or closed
The Roots:
The roots absorb nutrients from the soil
-central vascular bundle will tell you that your loooking at the roots
The Stem
The stem provides structural support and
transports nutrients
-ring shaped vascular bundles (major highway for nutrients)
The leaves conduct
photosynthesis and gas exchange
The plant structure is
complex
Tissues found in leaves:
because we have lots of ground tissue
photosynthesis
dermal prevents water loss
Plants structures must interact to provide the structural support and the nutrients
necessary for the plant to survive
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CO2 + H2O + energy 🡪 C6H12O6 + O2
Much like animals, plant cells start off as undifferentiated cells. What is the name of an
undifferentiated plant cell? In a plant, what would be an example of this type of cell?
Meristematic cell (e.g. buds)
What part of a plant would you expect to have a high number of chloroplast? Why?
Leaf of plants – site of photosynthesis
Compare the functions of the xylem and phloem and describe how they aid in the survival of a
plant.
Xylem: carry water upwards
Phloem: carry food in both directions
Explain how the guard cells and stomata function together. Would you expect them to be open
during the night time?
When there is sufficient amount of water in the plant, guard cells swell and allow gas exchange to
occur in the stomata.
When there is insufficient amount of water in the plant, guard cells deflate and close the stomata.
Stomata would be closed at night because there would be no sunlight no photosynthesis
If there was a sudden prolonged period of darkness (3 days) in a region, what would you expect
to happen to plants that were living in the region?
Their guard cells and stomata would be closed but the plants would still survive because they are still
able to take up nutrients from the soil and undergo cellular respiration.
