Biology Specialized Cells (SLIDE 8)

Question 1

The body is made up of specialized

Answer 1

cells that are responsible for performing a
specific function

Question 2

Cells of similar functions form

Answer 2

tissues

Question 3

What is important to note is that

Answer 3

FORM 🡪 FUNCTION

Question 4

Structures of cells assist them in

Answer 4

performing their function

Question 5

Multicellular organisms have highly

Answer 5

specialized cells that perform highly
specialized processes

Question 6

Specialized cells perform one primary

Answer 6

function instead of multiple functions to
sustain the cell

Question 7

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 7

Protects the body

Skin Epithelia

Columnar Epithelia

Question 8

Connective Tissue

Answer 8

Provides structure and support

Loose: Fascia

Fibrous: Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage, Bone

Question 9

Muscular Tissue

Answer 9

Provide movement

Skeletal (striated)

Cardiac

Smooth

Question 10

Nervous Tissue

Answer 10

Sends and receives electrical signals

Neurons

Glial

Question 11

What are “stem cells”?

Answer 11

Cells that are undifferentiated and are capable of becoming a specialized type of cell

Question 12

Why are stem cells important?

Answer 12

Can be used as medical treatment of injuries or disease

Question 13

Stem cells begin as a

Answer 13

non-specialized cell

Question 14

Through cellular differentiation, stem cells can become

Answer 14

specialized to perform a specific function

Question 15

There are two main types of stem cells:

Answer 15

Embryonic Stem Cells

Can differentiate into any type of cell

Tissue (Adult) Stem Cells

Can differentiate into some types of cells

Question 16

Some tissues are capable of

Answer 16

regenerating cells after being damaged
Other cells cannot regenerate

Question 17

Stem cells have been used to regenerate cells

Answer 17

in tissues that are unable to do so

Question 18

Think about your own body. List at least four activities that your body must do to keep you
alive.

Answer 18

The heart must pump blood through the body.
The digestive system must break down food and absorb nutrients.
The skin must protect the body from foreign invaders.
The lungs must bring in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
The kidneys must filter the blood and fluids in the body.

Question 19

2. Choose two specialized cells mentioned in this section. Compare their structure and function.

Answer 19

Blood cells are small, smooth, and round allowing them to flow through the blood vessels.
Skin cells are flat and layered allowing them to prevent foreign substances from entering the body.

Question 20

3. Do plant cells specialize in the same way as animal cells? Use examples of each to illustrate
   your answer.

Answer 20

Plants and animals are both eukaryotes so they do have specialized cells although these cells are not
exactly the same. Plants have cells that aid them in photosynthesis (like photosynthetic cells with a
lot of chloroplasts). Animals have cells that aid in producing movement (like muscle cells).your answer.

Question 21

What would happen if cells of a chick embryo did not specialize?

Answer 21

The embryo would not specialize therefore the chick would not have any specialized cells and would
be a mass on non-specialized cells.

Question 22

Explain how embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells.

Answer 22

Adult stem cells can only differentiate into specific types of cells.
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell.