Biology Biotechnology (slide 6) Flashcards
Biotechnology used in
medicine, agriculture, and cloning
What is “biotechnology”?
The use of technology to alter the DNA of organisms
Why is biotechnology important?
Biotechnology can be used to diagnose and/or treat disorders (in medicine)
Biotechnology can be used to develop “resistant” crops (in agriculture)
Biotechnology can be used to produce tissues and organisms (in cloning)
Ethical issues are
situations where there is no one right answer
Each stakeholder’s perspective is
valid
Important to note:
What are the perspectives? What is the purpose?
Who is affected?
Who benefits? Who does not benefit?
Who has access? Who is limited from access?
Biotechnology for diagnosis through
DNA screening
Karyotyping:
Karyotyping is a test to examine chromosomes in a sample of cells. This test can help identify genetic problems as the cause of a disorder or disease.
Gene Testing:
Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.
There is an ongoing debate about
whether individuals at risk of Huntington disease should be
tested
Genetic information is:
Personal
Powerful
Potentially Predictive
Permanent
Prejudicial
Biotechnology for treatment
Biotechnology is helping us improve existing vaccines and create new vaccines against infectious agents, such as the viruses that cause cervical cancer and genital herpes. Most of the new vaccines consist only of the antigen, not the actual microbe.
What is Medical Biotechnology? Medical biotechnology is a branch of medicine that uses living cells and cell materials to research and then produce pharmaceutical and diagnosing products.
Pharmaceuticals:
Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a relatively new and growing field in which the principles of biotechnology are applied to the development of drugs. A majority of therapeutic drugs in the current market are bioformulations, such as antibodies, nucleic acid products and vaccines.
biotechnology for food
Food biotechnology is an umbrella term covering a vast variety of processes for using living organisms—such as plants, animals, microbes, or any part of these organisms—to develop new or improved food products.
Transgenic Organism:
Transgenic refers to an organism or cell whose genome has been altered by the introduction of one or more foreign DNA sequences from another species by artificial means. Transgenic organisms are generated in the laboratory for research purposes.
Transgenic organisms contain foreign DNA that has been introduced using biotechnology. Foreign DNA (the transgene) is defined here as DNA from another species, or else recombinant DNA from the same species that has been manipulated in the laboratory then reintroduced.