Biology Respiratory System (slide 11)

Question 1

What is “the respiratory system”?

Answer 1

the system of organs that assist the body in GAS EXCHANGE
EX. O2-in
CO2-out

Question 2

Why is the respiratory system important?

Answer 2

for cellular respiration, we inhale oxygen in to the body and exhale carbon dioxide out to the atmosphere

-it aids the body in inhaling oxygen
-it aids the body in exhaling carbon dioxide

Question 3

The respiratory system is made up of several organs
names?

Answer 3

-lungs
-nose
-trachea
-Mouth
-Diaphragm
Pharynx
——————
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveoli

Question 4

The organs can be referred to as

Answer 4

the airway

Question 5

the average adult breathes

Answer 5

12 breaths/minute
7-8 liters of oxygen/per minute

Question 6

Mouth and Nose (or “oral cavity” and “nasal cavity”)
Purpose:

Answer 6

allows air in and out of the body
mouth-warms+humidifies the air
nose hair: filter out large particles

Question 7

Pharynx (back of your throat)

Answer 7

a passageway for both the nose and mouth
when you smell something you might taste it due to the same passagway.

Question 8

Trachea (trunk of a tree, strongest largest part of the tree and it splits at the bottom)
protects?
Purpose:

Answer 8

a tube that transports oxygen
connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the lungs
A normal trachea (windpipe) has many C-shaped rings made of cartilage (a strong and flexible tissue). The cartilage is also there for structure and protection.

asthma can cause the cartilage to collapse on it’s self; use inhaler (made from steroids)

Question 9

When the trachea splits in to

Answer 9

two bronchi

Question 10

Bronchi
Purpose:

Answer 10

branches out into bronchioles
deliver air into the lungs

Question 11

Lungs
purpose:

Answer 11

purpose: site of gas exchange occurs
where oxygen and carbon are traded; arteries and veins
from the lungs the oxygen will be transported by the blood cells in the pulmonary veins and then to the heart
we also have carbon dioxide being transported to our lungs

Question 12

Alveoli

Answer 12

moist and very thin sacks in the lungs
network of Capillary surrounds them
alveoli- has lots of O2 (inhale)
blood cells-lots of Carbon (body produces it, goes through the heart and body want to get rid of it)
diffusion occurs, high concentration to low concentration
carbon goes into the alveoli and body exhales it
GAS EXCHANGE**

Question 13

As air moves through the respiratory tract,

Answer 13

oxygen is absorbed for the use by
cells and carbon dioxide is expelled

Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + O2 🡪 CO2 + H2O + energy

Question 14

What does the respiratory system do for cellular respiration?

Answer 14

C6H12O6 -digestive + O2 🡪 CO2 -respiratory+ H2O + energy
ingestion-digestive
Gas exchange between the body and the atmosphere and the exchange of gas between blood and lungs- respiratory system

Question 15

STSE – Medicine and Health- respiratory

Answer 15

Smoking
The lungs can become dry and sticky
Oral ulcers from damaged cells
lung compacity
mucus development-cause stickiness
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.
Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.

Question 16

quite smoking

Answer 16

20 minute- blood pressure returns to normal
8 hours-nicotine and carbon decrease
24 hours-corbon monoxide starts to clear out of the lungs and muscus does too
10 years-lung cancer and risk of heart attack gets lower

Question 17

Influenza is a

Answer 17

respiratory disorder that can be spread through coughing,
sneezing, or contact with materials that have the flu virus
spreads though air

Question 18

List the main structures of the respiratory tract (in order of air entering the body). Identify the
main function of each structure.

Answer 18

Mouth/Oral Cavity and Nose/Nasal Cavity  inhales/exhales air
Trachea  connects to lungs
Bronchi  splits the air into each lung
Lung  gas exchange
Alveoli  site of gas of exchange

Question 19

The lungs are moist to aid in gas exchange. Explain why surfactant is important for the alveoli
to function properly.

Answer 19

Surfactant is important because it keeps the alveoli moist and prevents it from sticking. It also makes
it easier for gases to diffuse between media.

Question 20

Why do the walls of the alveoli and capillaries need to be thin?

Answer 20

It needs to be thin so it makes it easier for gas to diffuse through the walls.

Question 21

Plants, through the process of photosynthesis, produce oxygen gas required for humans to live.
What would you expect to breathing rates if there were less trees on the planet? Explain your
reasoning.

Answer 21

Breathing rates would have to increase to try and compensate for the decrease in the amount of
oxygen produced. The body breathes faster to try and receive the same amount of oxygen it would
have received when there were more trees (and oxygen)

Question 22

When someone has an asthma attack, the bronchi spasm and begin to narrow. Explain how
this can make it difficult for someone to breathe and affect levels of O 2 and CO 2 .

Answer 22

When the bronchi narrow they allow less air to move in and out of the airway. The reduced amount of
air will lead to less oxygen coming into the lungs and less carbon dioxide out of the lungs.

Question 23

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases and there is less oxygen available.
Explain the following:
a. Why does your breathing become faster and deeper at higher altitudes?

Answer 23

Because there is less oxygen in the air, the body compensates and breathes faster and deeper to try
and inhale the same amount of oxygen it would have received at sea level and exhale the toxic carbon
dioxide.

Question 24

Why do people who live at higher altitudes tend to develop an increased number of red
blood cells and number of mitochondria?

Answer 24

There is less atmospheric oxygen available at higher altitudes. More red blood cells will be produced
in order to try and transport the same amount of oxygen to the cells (as if the person was at sea level).
There will be more mitochondria because the body will use more energy as breathing rates increase
and become deeper (more work is being completed and requires more energy to complete).