Cells and Cell Organelles (slide 2)

Question 1

PROKARYOTE

Answer 1

• DOES NOT HAVE NUCLEUS
• DOES NOT HAVE MEMBRANE
  BOUND ORGANELLES
• SIMPLER
  – SINGLE CIRCULAR STRAND OF
  DNA
  – CELL DIVISION THROUGH
  BINARY FISSION
  – SINGLE CIRCULAR STRAND OF DNA

Question 2

EUKARYOTE

Answer 2

• DOES HAVE NUCLEUS
• DOES HAVE MEMBRANE
  BOUND ORGANELLES
  – COMPLEX
  – MULTIPLE LINEAR STRANDS OF
  DNA
• MULTICELLULAR
  ORGANISMS
• CELL DIVISION
  THROUGH MITOSIS
  – MULTIPLE LINEAR STRANDS OF DNA

Question 3

ORGANISM (both)

Answer 3

• HAVE DNA
• UNICELLULAR
  ORGANISMS
• LIVING
  ORGANISMS

Question 4

how something looks/how it’s made

Answer 4

directly affects
how it works/what it does

Question 5

CYTOPLASM

Answer 5

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- clear, thick, jelly-like material

• bathes (surrounds) organelles
  Function:
• supports and protects cell
  organelles

Question 6

CELL MEMBRANE

Answer 6

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- plant – inside cell wall

• animal – outer layer
• double layer of lipids
• selectively permeable

FUNCTION:
- support

• protection
• controls movement of materials
  in/out of cell

Question 7

NUCLEUS

Answer 7

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- large oval

• holds DNA
  FUNCTION:
• controls cell activities
• contain hereditary material of the
  cell

Question 8

MITOCHONDRIA

Answer 8

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- peanut shaped

• double membrane
• inner membrane folded into
  cristae
  FUNCTION:
• breaks down sugar (glucose)
  molecules to release energy
• site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 9

ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

Answer 9

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- network of tubes

• smooth – without ribosomes
• rough – with embedded
  ribosomes

FUNCTION:
- carries materials throughout cell

Question 10

GOLGI BODIES

Answer 10

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- fluid-filled sacs

• largest organelle in plant
  FUNCTION:
• store food, water, metabolic and
  toxic wastes

Question 11

CELL WALL

Answer 11

found in: PLANT
structure:
- outer layer

• rigid and strong
  FUNCTION:
• support
• protection

Question 12

CHLOROPLASTS

Answer 12

found in: PLANT
structure:
- green oval containing
chlorophyll

FUNCTION:
- uses energy from the sun to make
food for the plant (photosynthesis)

Question 13

LYSOSOME

Answer 13

Found in: both plants and animals
- small and round

FUNCTION:
- digests larger molecules into
smaller molecules

Uses chemicals to break down food
and worn out cell parts
I clean things up!
(Hint: Lysol)

Question 14

RIBOSOMES

Answer 14

found in: both plants and animals
structure:
- small grain-like bodies

• free or attached to endoplasmic
  reticulum
  FUNCTION:
• synthesizes protein

Question 15

The development of the microscope in the

Answer 15

1660s increased
our understanding of the human body and led to the
discovery of cells.

Question 16

Cell –

Answer 16

the smallest unit that can perform the
functions of life

Question 17

Microscopy

Answer 17

– the science of using
microscopes to view samples or objects

Question 18

THE CELL THEORY states that:

Answer 18

1. All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 19

Humans are made up of around

Answer 19

100 trillion cells!

Question 20

Cell Structure
One of the first structures to be seen clearly through a microscope
was the

Answer 20

nucleus.

Question 21

The nucleus is the

Answer 21

organelle that controls the cell’s activities.

Question 22

Organelles are

Answer 22

specialized structures that carry out specific functions
within a cell.

Question 23

All Cells Use Energy
Cellular Respiration –

Answer 23

a process that releases energy from organic
molecules, especially carbohydrates such as glucose, in the presence
of oxygen

Question 24

Mitochondria –

Answer 24

the site in animal and plant cells

where cellular respiration takes place

Question 25

Organisms that are single cells are called

Answer 25

unicellular

Question 26

organisms that are made up of groups of cells working
together are called

Answer 26

multicellular.

Question 27

All living things are
categorized into two groups-

Answer 27

Prokaryote & Eukaryote

Question 28

Prokaryote –

Answer 28

Cells that are very simple in
structure-no nucleus or other
membrane-bound organelles Ex- bacteria, archaea

Question 29

Eukaryote –

Answer 29

Cells that have a more complex
internal organization- have a nucleus and other
organelles. Can form single cellular or multi
cellular organisms.

Examples: animals, plants, fungi

Question 30

A difference between plant cells and animal cells is that

Answer 30

most animal cells are round whereas most plant cells
are rectangular. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane. Animal cells do not have a
cell wall. When looking under a microscope, the cell wall is an easy way to distinguish plant cells.

Question 31

Chloroplasts-difference
Plants are autotrophs; they produce energy from sunlight through the process of

Answer 31

of photosynthesis, for which
they use cell organelles called chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. In animal cells, energy is
produced from food (glucose) via the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration occurs in
mitochondria on animal cells, which are structurally somewhat analogous to chloroplasts, and also perform
the function of producing energy. However, plant cells also contain mitochondria.

Question 32

Vacuoles-difference

Answer 32

Animal cells have one or more small vacuoles whereas plant cells have one large central vacuole that can take
up to 90% of cell volume. In plant cells, the function of vacuoles is to store water and maintain turgidity of
the cell. Vacuoles in animal cells store water, ions and waste.

Question 33

Cell
Membrane

Answer 33

Controls what comes into and out of a cell;
found in plant and animal cells

Members only
can come and go.

Question 34

Cell Wall

Answer 34

Ridged outer layer of a plant cell

I’m a brick wall.

Question 35

Cytoplasm

Answer 35

Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found
Sail through
my plasma.

Question 36

Mitochondria

Answer 36

Produces the energy a cell needs
to carry out its functions
I am a “mighty”
power house.

Question 37

Lysosomes

Answer 37

Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts
I clean things up!
(Hint: Lysol)

Question 38

Vacuoles

Answer 38

Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
I’ll store anything,
(Hint: Vacuum Bags)

Question 39

Golgi Bodies

Answer 39

Receives proteins & materials from the ER,
packages them, & distributes them
I’m a
“GOLden” packer.

Question 40

Chloroplasts

Answer 40

Captures energy from the sunlight and
uses it to produce food in a plant cells
Make me something
sweet to eat

Question 41

Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Answer 41

Has passageways that carry proteins and other
materials from one part of the cell to another
I’m a
transportER.

Question 42

Ribosomes

Answer 42

Assesembles amino acids to create proteins
I make “some”
nice proteins.

Question 43

Nucleus

Answer 43

Contains DNA, which controls the functions of the
cell and production of proteins
I’m the
control center.

Question 44

Nucleolus

Answer 44

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
I’m in “control” of
the number of “ribos”.

Question 45

Chromatin

Answer 45

Tiny strands inside the nucleus that contain the
instructions for directing the cell’s functions

I’m a “tin” of
information.