Plant nutrition Details Flashcards
Word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Function of chlorophyll
transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals for the synthesis of carbohydrates
Use of starch
energy storage
Use of cellulose
used build cell walls
Use of glucose
used in respiration to provide energy
Use of sucrose
transport in the phloem
Use of nectar
attracts insects for pollination
Importance of nitrate ions
used in building amino acids
Importance of magnesium ions
used to make chlorophyll
Effects of nitrate ion deficiency
-Slow down the growth of the plant
-Cause the stem to weaken
-Cause leaves to turn yellow(ish)
Effects of magnesium ion deficiency
-Cause photosynthesis to slow down
-Cause leaves to turn yellow
Adaptations of leaves
-Large surface area(to absorb as much sunlight as possible)
-Thin(carbon dioxide has a shorter distance to diffuse, hence diffusion occurs at a faster rate)
Function of cuticle
made of wax which waterproofs the leaf and reduces water loss from the leaf(without reducing light absorption)
Function of upper/lower epidermis
acts as a protective barrier around the leaf to prevent pathogens entering and causing harm to the organism
Function of stomata
allows carbon dioxide in by diffusion, and water vapour and oxygen out of the leaf by diffusion
Function of guard cells
control the opening/closing of the stomata(to limit water loss from the plant)
Function of palisade mesophyll
main site of photosynthesis(they also receive carbon dioxide via diffusion from air spaces in the spongy mesophyll)
Function of spongy mesophyll
allows for rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide, waste and oxygen(when the stomata are open)
Function of vascular bundle
transports essential substances to various parts of the plant(contains xylem and phloem)
Function of xylem
-transports water and mineral ions through plants from the roots
-support
Function of phloem
transports sugars and amino acids away from the leaf to the rest of the plant(translocation)
Features of palisade mesophyll cells
-Contain many chloroplasts
-Long
Features of spongy mesophyll cells
-Spherical
-Cells are loosely packed(loose packing creates spaces for gas exchange)
-Contain chloroplasts(but not as much as the palisade mesophyll layer)
Features of xylem
-Made from hollowed out dead cells
-Have a thick cell wall(to provide structural strength)
-Are thin(to allow for capillary action)
Features of phloem
-Have no nucleus
-Made of living cells
Features of upper/lower epidermis
-Transparent(to let light through)
-Do not contain chloroplasts
