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IGCSE BIOLOGY REVISION > Gas exchange in humans Details > Flashcards

Gas exchange in humans Details Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of gas exchange surfaces in humans

A

-Large surface area(allows for more efficient diffusion)
-Thin surface(short diffusion distance so gas exchange happens quicker)
-Good blood supply(maintains concentration gradient by carrying away substances which have diffused across already)
-Good ventilation with air

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2
Q

In the presence of carbon dioxide, the colour of limewater goes from…

A

colourless to milky

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3
Q

Percentage of nitrogen in inhaled air

A

78%

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4
Q

Percentage of nitrogen in exhaled air

A

78%

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5
Q

Percentage of oxygen in inhaled air

A

21%

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6
Q

Percentage of oxygen in exhaled air

A

16%

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7
Q

Percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air

A

0.04%

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8
Q

Percentage of carbon dioxide in exhaled air

A

4%

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9
Q

Level of water vapour in inhaled air

A

Lower than level of water vapour in exhaled air

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10
Q

Level of water vapour in exhaled air

A

Higher than level of water vapour in inhaled air

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11
Q

Effect of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing

A

Rate and depth of breathing increases

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12
Q

Reason why physical activity increases the rate and depth of breathing

A

-Physical activity causes muscles to increase their rate of respiration
-Greater amount of oxygen needed for increased rate of respiration
-More carbon dioxide is also produced which diffuses into the blood, which causes the acidity of the blood to increase
-Brain detects this and signals for the rate and depth of breathing to increase
-Increased rate of breathing allows the rate of gas exchange to increase(expelling more carbon dioxide while taking in more oxygen)

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13
Q

Function of lungs

A

Contain the surfaces where gas exchange takes place(main organs of the respiratory system)

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14
Q

Function of intercostal muscles

A

External and internal intercostal muscles work antagonistically in pairs to expand and contract the rib cage during breathing

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15
Q

Function of ribs

A

Protect the lungs and heart from physical damage

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16
Q

Function of larnyx

A

Contains the vocal chords

17
Q

Function of trachea

A

Connects the throat to the bronchi

18
Q

Function of cartilage rings around the trachea

A

-Provide structural strength
-Keep the trachea open(so that air can pass through it)

19
Q

Function of bronchi

A

Carry air from the trachea to the lungs(bronchioles)

20
Q

Function of bronchioles

A

Carry air to the alveoli

21
Q

Function of alveoli

A

Site of gas exchange(covered by capillary network; oxygen diffuses into the capillaries, while carbon dioxide diffuses out. Waste products are then breathed out)

22
Q

During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles…

A

contract

23
Q

During inhalation, the internal intercostal muscles…

A

relax

24
Q

During inhalation, the diaphragm…

A

lowers/flattens(contracts)

25
Q

During inhalation, the volume of the thorax…

A

increases

26
Q

During inhalation, air…

A

diffuses into the lungs

(REMEMBER: IT DOES NOT GET SUCKED IN)

27
Q

Why air diffuses into the lungs during inhalation

A

When the volume of the chest increases, there is a lower concentration of air in the lungs than outside them, so air diffuses in

28
Q

During exhalation, the internal intercostal muscles…

A

contract

29
Q

During exhalation, the external intercostal muscles…

A

relax

30
Q

During exhalation, the volume of the thorax…

A

decreases

31
Q

During exhalation, the diaphragm…

A

rises(relaxes)

32
Q

Location of goblet cells

A

Found in the trachea and bronchi

33
Q

Function of goblet cells

A

Produce and secrete mucus into the respiratory tract

34
Q

Function of ciliated cells

A

Move foreign pathogens and particles(which are trapped in the mucus) towards the throat(so that the mucus can be swallowed, and the foreign pathogens and particles can be destroyed in the acidic conditions of the stomach)

35
Q

Function of mucus

A

Trap foreign particles and pathogens(by sticking to them)

IGCSE BIOLOGY REVISION (40 decks)

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