Inheritance Details Flashcards

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1
Q

Chromosomes are made of…

A

DNA

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2
Q

(In terms of X an Y chromosomes)Males have…

A

one X chromosome and one Y chromosome

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3
Q

(In terms of X an Y chromosomes)Females have…

A

two X chromosomes

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4
Q

One of the pairs of chromosomes(in diploid cells of humans) codes for sex inheritance(T/F)

A

True

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5
Q

Different sequences of amino acids result in…

A

different shapes of protein molecules

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6
Q

Function of DNA

A

-Contains genetic information in the form of genes
-Controls cell functions by controlling the production of proteins(including enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for neurotransmitters)

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7
Q

Why many genes in the body cells of an organisms are not expressed(even though they are present)

A

The cell only makes the specific proteins that it needs

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8
Q

How mRNA bases bind to DNA bases

A

U(mRNA) ←→ A(DNA)
A(mRNA) ←→ T(DNA)
C(mRNA) ←→ G(DNA)
G(mRNA) ←→ C(DNA)

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9
Q

How a protein is made

A

-DNA double helix opens up, resulting in 2 exposed strands
-mRNA(messenger RNA) binds to the exposed bases and makes a copy of the DNA
-mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome(in the cytoplasm)
NB: DNA cannot leave the nucleus(so the gene coding for the protein remains in the nucleus)
-Ribosomes read the mRNA and codes every 3 mRNA bases into an amino acid
-Ribosomes assemble amino acids into protein molecules

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10
Q

The specific sequence of amino acids is determined by the…

A

the sequence of bases in the mRNA

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11
Q

Role of mitosis

A

-Growth
-Repair of damaged tissues
-Replacement of cells
-Asexual reproduction

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12
Q

What occurs before mitosis

A

The exact replication of chromosomes

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13
Q

What happens during mitosis

A

The copies of chromosomes separate, maintaining the chromosome number in each daughter cell

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14
Q

Role of meiosis

A

Involved in the production of gametes

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15
Q

Features of mitosis

A

-Produces 2 daughter cells
-Daughter cells are diploid
-Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cell(no genetic crossing over)
-One stage process
-Happens everywhere in the body

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16
Q

Features of meiosis

A

-Produces 4 gamete cells
-Daughter cells are haploid
-Gametes are different to parent cell(genetic material passes over)
-Gametes are different to each other
-Two stage process
-Only happens in reproductive organs

17
Q

Conditions for pure-breeding

A

Two identical homozygous individuals must breed together

18
Q

A heterozygous individual will not be
pure-breeding(T/F)

A

True

19
Q

A sex-linked characteristic more common in one sex than in the other(T/F)

A

True(since the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome)