Biological molecules Details Flashcards
Chemical elements that make up carbohydrates
-Carbon(C)
-Hydrogen(H)
-Oxygen(O)
Ratio of elements(carbon to hydrogen to oxygen) in carbohydrates
1:2:1
Chemical elements that make up fats
-Carbon(C)
-Hydrogen(H)
-Oxygen(O)
Chemical elements that make up proteins
-Carbon(C)
-Hydrogen(H)
-Oxygen(O)
-Nitrogen(N)
Polymers of glucose
-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose
Monomers of protein
Amino acids
Monomers of fats/oils
-Glycerol
-Fatty acids
Structure of a DNA molecule
-Two strands coiled together to form a double helix
-Each strand contains chemicals called bases
-Bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together
-The bases always pair up in the same way(A with T, C with G)
Colour change in Iodine solution
Orange-brown to blue-black
Colour change in Benedict’s solution
Blue to brick-red
Colour change in Biuret test
Blue to purple
Colour change in Ethanol Emulsion test
Transparent to white(cloudy)
Colour change in DCPIP
Blue to colourless
Substance for Iodine solution
Starch
Substance for Benedict’s solution
Reducing sugars(eg. glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose)
Substance for Biuret test
Protein
Substance for Ethanol Emulsion test
Fats and oils
Substance for DCPIP test
Vitamin C
Procedure for Iodine solution test
-Add iodine solution to substance
-Observe colour
Procedure for Benedict’s solution test
-Add benedict’s solution to a substance(food)
-Heat substance
-Observe colour
Procedure for Biuret test
-Add drops of biuret solution to food sample
-Observe colour
Procedure for Ethanol Emulsion test
-Chop up food
-Shake it up with ethanol
-Pour ethanol(that was with food) into water(same volume as ethanol)
-Observe colour
Procedure for DCPIP test
-Grind measured amount of fruit
-Add a measured amount of water
-Add DCPIP
-Shake well
-Observe colour
