PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
WHAT IS GROWTH?
IT IS THE IRREVERSIBLE PERMANENT INCREASE IN SIZE OF AN ORGAN OR ITS PARTS OR EVEN OF AN INDIVIDUAL CELL
GROWTH IS ACCOMPANIED BY METABOLIC PROCESSES BOTH ——— AND ———–
ANABOLIC AND CATABOLIC
GROWTH IS REGARDED AS THE FUNDAMENTAL AND CONSPICUOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF A LIVING BEING. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
PLANT GROWTH IS UNIQUE BECAUSE IT IS ————
UNLIMITED
THE MERISTEM CELLS WHICH LOSE THE ABILITY TO DIVIDE THEN DIFFERENTIATE INTO ——–
PERMANENT CELLS
THE CELLS WHICH LOSE THE ABILITY TO DIVIDE TENDS TO MAKE THE ——-
PLANT BODY
WHAT IS KNONW AS OPEN FORM OF GROWTH?
IT IS THE GROWTH WHEREIN NEW CELLS ARE ALWAYS BEING ADDED TO THE PLANT BODY BY THE ACTIVITY OF MERISTEM
APICAL MERISTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRIMARY OR SECONDARY GROWTH?
PRIMARY GROWTH
APICAL MERISTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
ELONGATION OF PLANTS ALONG THEIR AXIS
THE MERISTEMS WHICH INCREASE THE GIRTH OF THE PLANTS
VASCULAR CAMBIUM AND CORK CAMBIUM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM AND CORK CAMBIUM IS PRESENT IN ——— AND ——-
GYMNOSPERM AND ANGIOSPERM
THE INCREASE IN GIRTH IS KNOWN AS PRIMARY OR SECONDARY GROWTH
SECONDARY GROWTH
GROWTH AT A CELLULAR LEVEL SIMPLY MEANS
INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF PROTOPLASM
GROWTH MEASURING PARAMETERS
INCREASE IN FRESH WEIGHT DRY WEIGHT LENGTH AREA VOLUME CELL NUMBER
ONE SINGLE MAIZE ROOT APICAL MERISTEM CAN GIVE RISE TO MORE THAN ——-
17,500 NEW CELLS PER HOUR
CELLS IN A WATERMELON CAN INCREASE IN SIZE UP TO
3,50,00
DORSIVENTRAL LEAF IS FOUND IN WHICH TYPE OF PLANTS
DICOT PLANTS
THE PERIOD OF GROWTH IS DIVIDED INTO HOW MANY PHASES?
THREE PHASES
MERISTEMATIC
ELONGATION
MATURATION
THE CONSTANTLY DIVIDING CELLS IN THE ROOT AND SHOOT APEX REPRESENT THE
MERISTEMATIC PHASE OF GROWTH
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CELLS IN THE MERISTEMATIC REGION
- RICH IN PROTOPLASM
- POSSESS LARGE CONSPICUOUS NUCLEI
- CELL WALLS ARE PRIMARY AND THIN AND CELLULOSIC WITH ABUNDANT PLASMODESMATAL CONNECTIONS
CELLS PROXIMAL TO THE REGION OF MERISTEMATIC ACTIVITY REPRESENTS THE REGION OF
ELONGATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CELLS OF THE REGION OF ELONGATION
INCREASED VACUOLATION
CELL ENLARGEMENT
NEW CELL WALL DEPOSITION
PROXIMAL TO THE REGION OF THE REGION OF ELONGATION LIES THE REGION OF
MATURATION
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CELLS OF THE REGION OF MATURATION
THE CELLS ARE UNDERGOING MATURATION
CELLS ATTAIN THEIR MAXIMAL SIZE IN TERMS OF CELL WALL THICKENING AND PROTOPLASMIC MODIFICATIONS
INCREASED GROWTH PER UNIT IS TERMED AS
GROWTH RATE
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF GROWTH RATE SHOWN BY THE PLANTS?
GEOMETRIC AND ARITHMETIC
WHAT HAPPENS IN ARITHMETIC GROWTH?
FOLLOWING MITOTIC DIVSION, ONLY ONE DAUGHTER CELL DIVIDES WHILE OTHER DIFFERENTIATES AND MATURES AND LOSES THE CAPACITY TO DIVIDE
GRAPH OF ARITHMETIC GROWTH IS
LINEAR SHAPE
GRAPH OF GEOMETRIC GROWTH
SIGMOID SHAPE
S SHAPED CURVE
GEOMETRICAL GROWTH PHASES
INITIAL GROWTH IS SLOW - LAG PHASE
INCREASES RAPIDLY - LOG OR EXPONENTIAL PHASE
STATIONARY PHASE - LIMITED NUTRIENT SUPPLY
IN GEOMETRIC GROWTH HOW MANY DAUGHTER CELLS ARE CAPABLE OF DIVISION
ALL THE DAUGHTER CELLS FORMED ARE CAPABLE OF DIVISION
WHAT DOES ‘r’ REPRESENT IN THE GEOMETRIC GROWTH EQUATION
RELATIVE GROWTH RATE
IT IS ALSO THE MEASURE OF THE PLANT TO PRODUCE NEW PLANT MATERIAL, REFERRED TO AS EFFICIENCY PERIOD
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS OF GROWTH CAN BE MADE ON TWO BASIS
ABSOLUTE GROWTH RATE
RELATIVE GROWTH RATE
WHAT IS ABSOLUTE GROWTH RATE?
MEASUREMENT AND THE COMPARISON OF TOTAL GROWTH PER UNIT TIME
WHAT IS RELATIVE GROWTH RATE?
GROWTH OF GIVEN SYSTEM PER UNIT TIME EXPRESSED ON A COMMON BASIS
ABIOTIC FACTORS REQUIRED BY THE PLANTS FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH
WATER
OXYGEN
NUTRIENTS
OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
WATER IS REQUIRED BY THE PLANTS FOR
TURGIDITY OF THE CELLS
PROVIDING A MEDIUM FOR THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES
ROLE OF OXYGEN
HELPS IN RELEASING METABOLIC ENERGY ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH ACTIVITIES
THE PHENOMENON LEADING TO THE CELLS TO MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATE IS KNOWN AS
DIFFERENTIATION
DURING THE PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION, THE PLANT CELL WALL CONVERTS FROM ——— INTO ———
CELLULOSE PRIMARY CELL WALL INTO LIGNOCELLULOSIC SECONDARY CELL WALL
THE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS DO NOT HAVE THE PROPERTY OF ———
DIVIDING
THE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS CAN REGAIN THE CAPACITY TO DIVIDE, THIS PROCESS IS KNOWN AS ——-
DEDIFFERENTIATION
EXAMPLE OF DIFFERENTIATION
FORMATION OF INTERFASCICULAR CAMBIUM AND CORK CAMBIUM FROM FULLY DIFFERENTIATED PARENCHYMATIC CELLS
THE PHENOMENON WHEN THE CELLS WHICH REGAINED THE PROPERTY OF DIVISION NOW AGAIN LOSES THE PROPERTY OF DIVISION IS KNOWN AS
REDIFFERENTIATION
GROWTH IN PLANTS IS OPEN WHICH MEANS IT CAN BE
INDETERMINATE - INFINITE
DETERMINATE - FINITE
FINAL STRUCTURE OF A CELL AT MATURITY IS ALSO DETERMINED BY THE LOCATION OF THE CELL.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
