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BIOLOGY > PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

WHAT IS GROWTH?

A

IT IS THE IRREVERSIBLE PERMANENT INCREASE IN SIZE OF AN ORGAN OR ITS PARTS OR EVEN OF AN INDIVIDUAL CELL

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2
Q

GROWTH IS ACCOMPANIED BY METABOLIC PROCESSES BOTH ——— AND ———–

A

ANABOLIC AND CATABOLIC

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3
Q

GROWTH IS REGARDED AS THE FUNDAMENTAL AND CONSPICUOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF A LIVING BEING. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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4
Q

PLANT GROWTH IS UNIQUE BECAUSE IT IS ————

A

UNLIMITED

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5
Q

THE MERISTEM CELLS WHICH LOSE THE ABILITY TO DIVIDE THEN DIFFERENTIATE INTO ——–

A

PERMANENT CELLS

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6
Q

THE CELLS WHICH LOSE THE ABILITY TO DIVIDE TENDS TO MAKE THE ——-

A

PLANT BODY

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7
Q

WHAT IS KNONW AS OPEN FORM OF GROWTH?

A

IT IS THE GROWTH WHEREIN NEW CELLS ARE ALWAYS BEING ADDED TO THE PLANT BODY BY THE ACTIVITY OF MERISTEM

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8
Q

APICAL MERISTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRIMARY OR SECONDARY GROWTH?

A

PRIMARY GROWTH

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9
Q

APICAL MERISTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

A

ELONGATION OF PLANTS ALONG THEIR AXIS

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10
Q

THE MERISTEMS WHICH INCREASE THE GIRTH OF THE PLANTS

A

VASCULAR CAMBIUM AND CORK CAMBIUM

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11
Q

VASCULAR CAMBIUM AND CORK CAMBIUM IS PRESENT IN ——— AND ——-

A

GYMNOSPERM AND ANGIOSPERM

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12
Q

THE INCREASE IN GIRTH IS KNOWN AS PRIMARY OR SECONDARY GROWTH

A

SECONDARY GROWTH

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13
Q

GROWTH AT A CELLULAR LEVEL SIMPLY MEANS

A

INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF PROTOPLASM

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14
Q

GROWTH MEASURING PARAMETERS

A 
INCREASE IN FRESH WEIGHT 
DRY WEIGHT 
LENGTH 
AREA 
VOLUME 
CELL NUMBER
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15
Q

ONE SINGLE MAIZE ROOT APICAL MERISTEM CAN GIVE RISE TO MORE THAN ——-

A

17,500 NEW CELLS PER HOUR

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16
Q

CELLS IN A WATERMELON CAN INCREASE IN SIZE UP TO

A

3,50,00

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17
Q

DORSIVENTRAL LEAF IS FOUND IN WHICH TYPE OF PLANTS

A

DICOT PLANTS

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18
Q

THE PERIOD OF GROWTH IS DIVIDED INTO HOW MANY PHASES?

A

THREE PHASES
MERISTEMATIC
ELONGATION
MATURATION

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19
Q

THE CONSTANTLY DIVIDING CELLS IN THE ROOT AND SHOOT APEX REPRESENT THE

A

MERISTEMATIC PHASE OF GROWTH

20
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CELLS IN THE MERISTEMATIC REGION

A
  • RICH IN PROTOPLASM
  • POSSESS LARGE CONSPICUOUS NUCLEI
  • CELL WALLS ARE PRIMARY AND THIN AND CELLULOSIC WITH ABUNDANT PLASMODESMATAL CONNECTIONS
21
Q

CELLS PROXIMAL TO THE REGION OF MERISTEMATIC ACTIVITY REPRESENTS THE REGION OF

A

ELONGATION

22
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CELLS OF THE REGION OF ELONGATION

A

INCREASED VACUOLATION
CELL ENLARGEMENT
NEW CELL WALL DEPOSITION

23
Q

PROXIMAL TO THE REGION OF THE REGION OF ELONGATION LIES THE REGION OF

A

MATURATION

24
Q

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CELLS OF THE REGION OF MATURATION

A

THE CELLS ARE UNDERGOING MATURATION

CELLS ATTAIN THEIR MAXIMAL SIZE IN TERMS OF CELL WALL THICKENING AND PROTOPLASMIC MODIFICATIONS

25
Q

INCREASED GROWTH PER UNIT IS TERMED AS

A

GROWTH RATE

26
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF GROWTH RATE SHOWN BY THE PLANTS?

A

GEOMETRIC AND ARITHMETIC

27
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN ARITHMETIC GROWTH?

A

FOLLOWING MITOTIC DIVSION, ONLY ONE DAUGHTER CELL DIVIDES WHILE OTHER DIFFERENTIATES AND MATURES AND LOSES THE CAPACITY TO DIVIDE

28
Q

GRAPH OF ARITHMETIC GROWTH IS

A

LINEAR SHAPE

29
Q

GRAPH OF GEOMETRIC GROWTH

A

SIGMOID SHAPE

S SHAPED CURVE

30
Q

GEOMETRICAL GROWTH PHASES

A

INITIAL GROWTH IS SLOW - LAG PHASE
INCREASES RAPIDLY - LOG OR EXPONENTIAL PHASE
STATIONARY PHASE - LIMITED NUTRIENT SUPPLY

31
Q

IN GEOMETRIC GROWTH HOW MANY DAUGHTER CELLS ARE CAPABLE OF DIVISION

A

ALL THE DAUGHTER CELLS FORMED ARE CAPABLE OF DIVISION

32
Q

WHAT DOES ‘r’ REPRESENT IN THE GEOMETRIC GROWTH EQUATION

A

RELATIVE GROWTH RATE

IT IS ALSO THE MEASURE OF THE PLANT TO PRODUCE NEW PLANT MATERIAL, REFERRED TO AS EFFICIENCY PERIOD

33
Q

QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS OF GROWTH CAN BE MADE ON TWO BASIS

A

ABSOLUTE GROWTH RATE

RELATIVE GROWTH RATE

34
Q

WHAT IS ABSOLUTE GROWTH RATE?

A

MEASUREMENT AND THE COMPARISON OF TOTAL GROWTH PER UNIT TIME

35
Q

WHAT IS RELATIVE GROWTH RATE?

A

GROWTH OF GIVEN SYSTEM PER UNIT TIME EXPRESSED ON A COMMON BASIS

36
Q

ABIOTIC FACTORS REQUIRED BY THE PLANTS FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH

A

WATER
OXYGEN
NUTRIENTS
OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE

37
Q

WATER IS REQUIRED BY THE PLANTS FOR

A

TURGIDITY OF THE CELLS

PROVIDING A MEDIUM FOR THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES

38
Q

ROLE OF OXYGEN

A

HELPS IN RELEASING METABOLIC ENERGY ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH ACTIVITIES

39
Q

THE PHENOMENON LEADING TO THE CELLS TO MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATE IS KNOWN AS

A

DIFFERENTIATION

40
Q

DURING THE PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION, THE PLANT CELL WALL CONVERTS FROM ——— INTO ———

A

CELLULOSE PRIMARY CELL WALL INTO LIGNOCELLULOSIC SECONDARY CELL WALL

41
Q

THE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS DO NOT HAVE THE PROPERTY OF ———

A

DIVIDING

42
Q

THE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS CAN REGAIN THE CAPACITY TO DIVIDE, THIS PROCESS IS KNOWN AS ——-

A

DEDIFFERENTIATION

43
Q

EXAMPLE OF DIFFERENTIATION

A

FORMATION OF INTERFASCICULAR CAMBIUM AND CORK CAMBIUM FROM FULLY DIFFERENTIATED PARENCHYMATIC CELLS

44
Q

THE PHENOMENON WHEN THE CELLS WHICH REGAINED THE PROPERTY OF DIVISION NOW AGAIN LOSES THE PROPERTY OF DIVISION IS KNOWN AS

A

REDIFFERENTIATION

45
Q

GROWTH IN PLANTS IS OPEN WHICH MEANS IT CAN BE

A

INDETERMINATE - INFINITE

DETERMINATE - FINITE

46
Q

FINAL STRUCTURE OF A CELL AT MATURITY IS ALSO DETERMINED BY THE LOCATION OF THE CELL.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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