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BIOLOGY > MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE > Flashcards

MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE Flashcards

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1
Q

BACTERIA USED TO CONVERT MILK INTO CURD

A

LACTOBACILLUS, COMMONLY KNOWN AS LACTIC ACID BACTERIA (LAB)

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2
Q

HOW DOES LAB HELP IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MILK?

A

IT IMPROVES THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY BY INCREASING VITAMIN B12 CONTENT IN IT. IN OUR STOMACH, THE LAB PLAYS A BENEFICIAL ROLE IN CHECKING DISEASE CAUSING MICROBES

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3
Q

THE PUFFED UP APPEARANCE OF THE BISCUIT AND CAKE DOUGH IS DUE TO THE PRODUCTION OF:-

A

PRODUCTION OF CO2 DUE TO THE YEAST WHICH IS ADDED IN IT TO CAUSE FLUFFINESS

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4
Q

YEAST IS COMMONLY KNOWN AS:-

A

SACCHAROMYCES CERVESIAE, COMMONLY CALLED YEAST IS ALSO KNOWN AS BAKER’S YEAST BECAUSE OF ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE BAKERY PRODUCTS

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5
Q

HOW IS TODDY MADE?

A

IT IS A TRADITIONAL DRINK OF THE SOUTHERN PARTS OF INDIA WHICH IS MADE BY FERMENTING SAP FROM PALMS

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6
Q

THE LARGE HOLES IN SWISS CHEESE IS DUE TO

A

THE LARGE HOLES IS DUE TO THE PRODUCTION OF LARGE AMOUNT OF CO2 BY BACTERIA CALLED PROPIONIBACTERIUM SHARMANII

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7
Q

THE ROQUEFORT CHEESE IS MADE BY

A

THIS CHEESE IS MADE BY GROWING A SPECIFIC FUNGI ON THE CHEESE TO GIVE IT A PARTICULAR FLAVOUR

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8
Q

THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTANCES ON A LARGE AND INDUSTRIAL SCALE REQUIRES THE MICROBES TO BE GRWON IN LARGE VESSELS KNOWN AS

A

FERMENTORS

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9
Q

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE IS ALSO KNOWN AS:-

A

BREWER’S YEAST DUE TO ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE BEVERAGE INDUSTRY

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10
Q

THE BEVERAGES PRODUCED WITHOUT DISTILLATION AND PRODUCED BY DISTILLATION ARE:-

A

WINE AND BEER ARE PRODUCED WITHOUT DISTILLATION

WHILE BRANDY, RUM AND WHISKY ARE PRODUCED BY DISTILLATION OF FERMENTED BROTH

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11
Q

WHAT ARE ANTIBIOTICS?

A

THEY ARE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE PRODUCED BY SOME MICROBES AND CAN KILL OR RETARD THE GROWTH OF OTHER MICROBES

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12
Q

WHICH ORGANISM WAS ALEXANDER FLEMMING WORKING ON?

A

STAPHYLOCCOUS BACTERIA

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13
Q

THE FULL POTENTIAL OF ANTIBIOTICS WAS ESTABLISHED BY

A

ERNEST CHAIN AND HOWARD FLOREY

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14
Q

ERNEST CHAIN, HOWARD FLOREY AND ALEXANDER FLEMMING WAS AWARDED THE NOBLE PRIZE IN THE YEAR

A

1945

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15
Q

MICROBES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID, CITRIC ACID, BUTYRIC ACID AND CURD

A

ACETOBACTER ACETI, ASPERGILLUM NIGER, CLOSTRIDIUM BUTYLICUM AND LACTOBACILLUS

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16
Q

WHICH MICROBE IS USED FOR THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL?

A

YEAST - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

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17
Q

WHICH CHEMICAL IS USED IN THE DETERGENTS TO REMOVE OILY STAINS?

A

LIPASES

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18
Q

BOTTLED JUICES ARE MADE CLEAR BY THE ADDITION OF:-

A

PECTINASE AND PROTEASE

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19
Q

IF A PERSON SUFFERED FROM HEART ATTACK, WHAT CAN BE GIVEN TO THE PATIENT TO TREAT HIM/HER?

A

STREPTOKINASE (OBTAINED FROM STREPTOCOCCUS) CAN BE GIVEN AS IT ACTS AS A CLOT BUSTER. IT REMOVES CLOTS FROM THE BLOOD VESSELS OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
STATIN OBTAINED FROM MONASCUS PURPUREUS ACTS AS BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LOWERING AGENT
HENCE THESE TWO FACTORS WORK TOGETHER AND CAN ULTIMATELY REDUCE THE CHANCES OF HEART ATTACK

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20
Q

AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT CYCLOSPORIN-A IS OBTAINED FROM:-

A

TRICHODERMA POLYSPORUM

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21
Q

STATINS ARE OBTAINED FROM

A

IT IS OBTAINED FROM THE YEAST MONASCUS PURPUREUS AND IS A BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LOWERING AGENT

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22
Q

THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE SEWAGE IS

A

HUMAN EXCRETA

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23
Q

THE SEWAGE WATER CONTAINS A LARGE AMOUNT OF ORGANIC MATTER AND MICROBES. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

24
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE PRIMARY TREATMENT OF THE SEAWGE?

A

IT INVOLVES THE PHYSICAL REMOVAL OF PARTICLES FROM THE SEWAGE BY FILTRATION AND SEDIMENTATION. THE FLOATING DEBRIS IS REMOVED BY SEQUENTIAL FILTRATION. THEN THE GRIT (SMALL PEBBLES AND SOIL) REMOVED BY SEDIMENTATION. SOLIDS SETTLE TO FORM PRIMARY SLUDGE AND THE SUPERNATANT FORMS PRIMARY EFFLUENT

IT IS THEN SENT FOR THE SECONDARY TREATMENT

25
Q

THE OTHER NAME FOR SECONDARY TREATMENT IS

A

BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL TREATMENT

26
Q

THE PRIMARY EFFLUENT IS THEN PASSED IN WHICH TANK?

A

IT IS THEN TAKEN TO THE AERATION TANKS

27
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE AERATION TANKS?

A

LARGE AMOUNT OF AIR IS PASSED IN THE PRIMARY EFFLUENT WHICH ALLOWS THE GROWTH OF AEROBIC MICROBES INTO FLOCS (MASSES OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH FUNGAL FILAMENTS TO FORM MESH LIKE STRUCTURE).

28
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE SECONDARY TREATMENT?

A

THE FLOCS GROWN CONSUME A MAJOR PART OF ORGANIC MATTER, WHICH SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES BOD AND INCREASES DO IN THE WATER BODY. THE SEWAGE WATER IS TREATED TILL THE BOD DECREASES SIGNIFICANTLY, AFTER WHICH IT IS PASSED TO THE ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTERS

29
Q

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF BOD?

A

IT IS THE AMOUNT OF THE OXYGEN THAT WOULD BE CONSUMED IF ALL THE ORGANIC MATTER PRESENT IN 1 LITRE OF WATER WERE OXIDISED BY THE BACTERIA

30
Q

WHAT DOES GREATER AMOUNT OF BOD INDICATE?

A

HIGHER THE AMOUNT OF BOD INDICATES HIGH LEVEL OF POLLUTION

31
Q

WHAT DOES HIGHER LEVEL OF POLLUTION INDICATE?

A

HIGH BOD AND LOW DO

32
Q

WHEN THE SEWAGE WATER IS TREATED IN THE SECONDARY TREATMENT, WHAT CHANGES TAKE PLACE?

A

THE CHANGES THAT TAKE PLACE ARE:-
BOD LEVEL REDUCES
DO LEVEL INCREASES

33
Q

WHAT IS CALLED AS ACTIVATED SLUDGE?

A

THE SECONDARY EFFLUENT IS THEN ALLOWED TO PASS INTO THE SETTLING TANK WHERE THE FLOCS ARE ALLOWED TO SETTLE DOWN. THIS SEDIMENT IS CALLED ACTIVATED SLUDGE

34
Q

WHY A SMALL PORTION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE IS RETURNED TO THE AERATION TANK?

A

IT SERVES AS AN INOCULUM WHICH IN THE PRESENCE OF O2 MULTIPLIES AND REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF BOD IN THE SEWAGE WATER

35
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTERS?

A

HERE THE ANAEROBIC BACTERIA DIGESTS THE FLOCS (BACTERIA AND FUNGI). WHILE DOING SO, IT PRODUCES CARBON DIOXIDE, HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND METHANE, COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS BIOGAS

36
Q

WHAT IS THE USE OF BIOGAS?

A

IT IS INFLAMMABLE WHICH MEANS IT CAN BE USED AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY

37
Q

WHICH INSTITUTION INITIATED THE GANGA ACTION PLAN AND YAMUNA ACTION PLAN?

A

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS

38
Q

WHICH TYPE OF BACTERIA ARE KNOWN AS METHANOGENS?

A

THOSE BACTERIA PRODUCES LARGE AMOUNT OF METHANE, CO2, AND H2 BY ACTING ANAEROBICALLY UPON THE CELLULOSIC MATERIAL

39
Q

ANY EXAMPLE OF METHANOGENS

A

METHANOBACTERIUM

40
Q

WHICH BACTERIA ARE PRESENT IN THE ANAEROBIC SLUDGE AS WELL AS THE RUMEN OF THE CATTLE?

A

METHANOBACTERIUM

41
Q

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF METHANOBACTERIUM IN THE RUMEN OF THE CATTLE?

A

A LOT OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL IS PRESENT IN THE FOOD OF THE CATTLE. THESE BACTERIA ACT UPON IT AND PRODUCE A LARGE AMOUNT OF METHANE WHICH IS FOUND IN THEIR DUNG.
THEY HELP IN BREAKDOWN OF THE CELLULOSE AND HELPS IN THE NUTRITION OF THE CATTLE

42
Q

HOW DEEP THE CONCRETE TANK FOR PRODUCING GOBAR GAS IS?

A

10-15 FT DEEP

43
Q

WHAT IS THE SPENT SLURRY USED FOR?

A

IT IS USED AS A FERTILIZER

44
Q

WHAT IS THE USE OF BIOGAS PRODUCED?

A

IT IS USED FOR COOKING AND LIGHTNING

45
Q

THE TECHNOLOGY OF BIOGAS IN INDIA WAS DEVELOPED DUE TO EFFORTS OF?

A

IARI - INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

KVIC - KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES COMMISSION

46
Q

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF BIOCONTROL?

A

IT REFERS TO THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR CONTROLLING PLANT DISEASES AND PESTS

47
Q

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND DISEASES RELIES ON:-

A

NATURAL PREDATION

48
Q

WHAT IS THE KEY BELIEF OF THE ORGANIC FARMER?

A

BIODIVERSITY FURTHERS HEALTH

49
Q

WHY IS THERE A NEED TO USE BIOCONTROL METHODS?

A
  • THE USE OF EXTENSIVE CHEMICALS IS NOT GOOD
  • THE PESTS ERADICATED MIGHT BE IMPORTANT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF SOME OTHER IMPORTANT INSECTS
  • IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO COMPLETELY ERADICATE THEM
50
Q

WHICH MICROBE IS FOUND FREE-LIVING AND ARE VERY BENEFICIAL FOR THE ROOT ECOSYSTEM?

A

TRICHODERMA

51
Q

THE MAIN SOURCES OF BIOFERTILISERS IS:-

A

BACTERIA, FUNGI AND CYANOBACTERIA

52
Q

BACTERIA FORMING SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS AND FIX THE NITROGEN IN THE SOIL.
BACTERIA LIVING FREE IN THE SOIL AND FIXING NITROGEN

A

RHIZOBIUM

ANABENA AND AZOTOBACTER

53
Q

FUNGI OF WHICH GENUS FORMS MYCORRHIZA

A

GLOMUS

54
Q

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF HAVING MYCORRHIZA?

A

RESISTANCE TO ROOT-BORNE PATHOGENS
TOLERANCE TO SALINITY AND DROUGHT
OVERALL INCREASE IN PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

55
Q

SOME EXAMPLES OF CYANOBACTERIA

A

ANABENA, OSCILLATORIA AND NOSTOC

56
Q

WHICH MICROBE SERVES AS AN IMPORTANT BIOFERTILISER IN THE PADDY FIELDS?

A

CYANOBACTERIA

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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