BIODIVERSITY Flashcards
HOW MANY SPECIES OF ANTS, BEETLES, FISHES AND ORCHIDS ARE THERE?
20,000
3,00,000
28,000
20,000 RESPECTIVELY
WHO POPULARISED THE TERM BIODIVERSITY?
EDWARD WILSON
WHAT DEFINITION DID EDWARD WILSON GIVE REGARDING BIODIVERSITY?
THE COMBINED DIVERSITY AT ALL LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISATION
VARIATIONS IN THE PLANT RAUWOLFIA VOMITORIA IS WHICH TYPE OF DIVERSITY? AND WHY?
IT IS GENETIC DIVERSITY AND IT IS SHOWN DUE IN TERMS OF THE POTENCY AND CONCENTRATION OF THE ACTIVE CHEMICAL RESERPINE
HOW MANY STRAINS OF RICE AND MANGO ARE PRESENT IN INDIA? AND WHICH TYPE OF DIVERSITY IS SHOWN HERE?
50,000 AND 1,000 RESPECTIVELY
GENETIC DIVERSITY
WHAT IS GENETC DIVERSITY?
DIVERSITY SHOWN AT THE GENTIC LEVEL
WHAT IS SPECIES DIVERSITY?
DIVERSITY SHOWN AT THE SPECIES LEVEL
E.G: WESTERN GHATS HAVE GREATER AMPHIBIAN SPECIES THAN EASTERN GHATS
WHAT IS MEANT BY ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY?
DIVERSITY AT THE ECOSYSTEM LEVEL. E.G: THE EXISTENCE OF DIFFERENT BIOMES
THE ALPINE MEADOWS HAS A GREATER DIVERSITY THAN A SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRY LIKE NORWAY
IUCN STANDS FOR
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
ACCORDING TO IUCN, HOW MANY ORGANISMS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED YET SO FAR?
A LITTLE MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION
WHAT ESTIMATE ABOUT THE DIVERSITY DID ROBERT MAY PROPOSED?
THE DIVERSITY ON THIS PLANET IS ABOUT 7 MILLION
WHICH TYPE OF ORGANISMS ARE MORE IN NUMBER?
ANIMALS
THEY COMPRISE MORE THAN 70% OF THE TOTAL DIVERSITY
WHAT PROPORTION OF THE ORGANISMS ARE PLANTS?
AROUND 22%
AMONG ANIMALS, WHICH ORGANISMS ARE MORE IN NUMBER ?
IT IS THE INSECTS WHICH ARE MORE IN NUMBER. THEY COMPRISE MORE THAN 70% OF THE TOTAL ANIMAL POPULATION
AMONG THE PLANTS, WHICH ORGANISMS ARE MORE IN NUMBER?
IT IS THE FUNGI
CAN THE CONVENTIONAL TAXONOMIC METHODS BE APPLIED FOR IDENTIFYING THE POPULATION OF MICROBES?
NO. IT IS BECAUSE MANY SPECIES ARE NOT CULTURABLE UNDER THE LABORATORY CONDITIONS. THEIR BIODIVERSITY MIGHT RUN INTO MILLIONS IF WE CONSIDER THE BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CRITERIA
WHAT IS THE SHARE OF INDIA’S BIODIVERSITY IN THE GLOBAL SPECIES?
8.1%
DUE TO THIS IT IS EVEN ONE OF THE 12 MEGA DIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD
HOW ARE THE PATTERNS OF BIODIVERSITY OBSERVED?
- LATITUDINAL GRADIENT
- SPECIES AREA RELATIONSHIP
HOW IS THE PATTERN OF DIVERSITY OBSERVED AS AND WHEN THE LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS OCCUR?
AS WE MOVE FROM THE EQUATOR TO THE POLES, THE SPECIES DIVERSITY DECREASES.
E.G: 1400 BIRD SPECIES IN COLUMBIA
105 BIRD SPECIES IN NEW YORK
56 SPECIES IN GREENLAND
WHY IS HIGH BIODIVERSITY FOUND IN THE TROPICS?
- SPECIATION IS A FUNCTION OF TIME. TEMPERATE REGIONS WERE SUBJECTED TO MANY GLACIATIONS, WHEREAS THE TROPICS HAVE REMAINED UNDISTURBED FOR MANY YEARS. DUE TO THIS, THEY HAD A LONG EVOLUTIONARY TIME
- TROPICS ARE LESS SEASONAL AND RELATIVELY MORE CONSTANT AND PREDICTABLE. SUCH TYPE OF CONSTANT ENVIRONMENT PROMOTE NICHE SPECIALIZATION
- THERE IS MORE SOLAR ENERGY AVAILABLE IN THE TROPICS
WHO GAVE THE SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP AND WORKED IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN JUNGLES?
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT
WHAT WAS PROPOSED BY ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT?
HE PROPOSED THAT AS THE AREA INCREASED THE DIVERSITY OF THE SPECIES INCREASED UPTO A CERTAIN LIMIT
‘Z’ REPRESENTS:-
IT REPRESENTS THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENT WHOSE VALUE LIES BETWEEN 0.1-0.2
BUT UPON ANALYZING THE WHOLE CONTINENT, IT WAS FOUND THAT THE THEIR VALUE LAY BETWEEN 0.6-0.12
WHAT DOES THE STEEPER SLOPE OF THE GRAPH BETWEEN SPECIES RICHNESS AND AREA?
STEEPER SLOPE INDICATES THAT IN A VERY SMALL AREA, HIGH SPECIES DIVERSITY IS FOUND
WHAT IS A STABLE COMMUNITY?
A STABLE COMMUNITY IS THE ONE THAT:-
- DOES NOT SHOW MANY VARIATIONS IN PRODUCTIVITY FROM YEAR TO YEAR
- RESISTANT OR RESILIENT TO OCCASIONAL DISTURBANCES (NATURAL AND MAN-MADE)
- RESISTANT TO ALIEN INVASIONS
INCREASED BIODIVERSITY CONTRIBUTES TO HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
WHO PROPOSED THE RIVET HYPOTHESIS?
PAUL EHRLICH, WHO WAS AN ECOLOGIST AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY
THE COLONISATION OF TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS BY HUMANS LEAD TO THE EXTINCTION OF HOW MANY BIRD SPECIES?
2,000
THE RED LIST BELONGS TO:-
IUCN
HOW MANY SPECIES ARE EXTINCT IN THE LAST 500 YEARS?
784
338 VERTEBRATES
359 INVERTEBRATES
87 PLANTS
QUAGGA ——-
THYLACINE ———
DODO ——–
STELLAR SEA COW ———
AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
MAURITIUS
RUSSIA
BALI, JAVAN AND CASPIAN ARE THE BREEDS OF WHICH ORGANISM?
TIGERS WHICH GOT EXTINCT FROM INDIA
THE LAST 20 YEARS WITNESSED THE DISAPPEARANCE OF HOW MANY SPECIES —————
27
WHICH GROUP IS MORE VULNERABLE TO EXTINCTION?
AMPHIBIANS
——– % OF ALL BIRD SPECIES
——– % OF ALL MAMMAL SPECIES
——– % OF ALL AMPHIBIAN SPECIES
——– % OF ALL GYMNOSPERM SPECIES
ARE FACING A THREAT TO EXTINCTION
12
23
32
31
HOW MANY EPISODES OF MASS EXTINCTION HAS THE PLANET WITNESSED TILL NOW?
5
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY?
- HABITAT LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION
- OVER EXPLOITATION
- ALIEN SPECIES INVASION
- CO EXTINCTION
WHAT EFFECTS DOES THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY HAVE?
- DECLINE IN PLANT PRODUCTION
- LOWERED RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PERTUBERATIONS
- INCREASED VARIABILITY IN CERTAIN ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES SUCH AS PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
NARROW UTILITARIAN ——–
BROAD UTILITARIAN ———
ETHICAL ARGUMENT ——–
DIRECT BENEFITS DRIVEN BY US FROM THE NATURE
INDIRECT BENEFITS
THE MORAL VALUES BEHIND THE PURPOSE OF CONSERVING THE BIOSDIVERISITY
IN-SITU CONSERVATION
EX-SITU CONSERVATION
CONSERVING THE ENTIRE AREA TO CONSERVE THE PARTICULAR SPECIES OF ORGANISM
CONSERVING THE PARTICULAR ORGANISM WHO IS IN THREAT OF GETTING EXTINCT
SACRED GROVES ARE A PART OF-
IN-SITU CONSERVATION
HOW MANY BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS ARE THERE IN TOTAL?
34
BIOSPHERE RESERVES ——
NATIONAL PARKS ———-
WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES ——–
14
90
448
SACRED GROVES ARE FOUND IN
KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS OF MEGHALAYA
ARAVALLI HILLS OF RAJASTHAN
WESTERN GHATS REGION OF KARNATAKA, MAHARASHTRA AND SRGUJA, CHANDA AND BASTAR AREAS OF MADHYA PRADESH
WHERE WAS THE WORLD SUMMIT HELD AND IN WHICH YEAR?
IT WAS HELD IN JOHANNESBURG, 2010
THE COUNTRIES PLEDGED THEIR COMMITMENT TO ACHIEVE BY 2010, A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE BIODIVERSITY LOSS AT GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS
THE WORLD SUMMIT WAS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
WHERE WAS THE HISTORIC CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (THE EARTH SUMMIT) HELD AND IN WHICH YEAR?
IT WAS HELD IN RIO DE JANEIRO IN THE YEAR 1992
ALL THE NATIONS WERE CALLED UPON TO TAKE APPROPRIATE MEASURES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE UTILISATION OF THE BENEFITS
