FOOD ENHANCEMENT Flashcards
ANIMAL HUSBANDARY
THE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OF BREEDING AND RAISING LIVESTOCKS
LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN INDIA AND CHINA
MORE THAN 70%
CONTRIBUTION OF INDIA AND CHINA IN THE WORLD FARM PRODUCE
ONLY 25%
IT MEANS PRODUCTIVITY PER UNIT IS LOW
OBJECTIVES OF DAIRY FARM MANAGEMENT
INCREASING YIELD
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MILK
MILK YIELD IS PRIMARILY DEPENDENT ON
THE QUALITY OF BREED
WHICH QUALITIES OF FODDER HAVE TO BE EMPHASISED TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CATTLE PRODUCING MILK?
QUALITY OF FODDER
QUANTITY OF FODDER
POULTRY IS THE CLASS OF
DOMESTICATED FOWLS (BIRDS) USED FOR FOOD OR THER EGGS
POULTRY INCLUDES
CHICKEN, DUCK, TURKEY AND GEESE
BREED MEANS
A GROUP OF ANIMALS RELATED BY DESCENT AND SIMILAR IN MOST CHARACTERS LIKE GENERAL APPEARANCE, FEATURES, CONFIGURATION, SIZE, ETC.
INBREEDING MEANS
MATING OF MORE CLOSELY RELATED INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE SAME BREED FOR 4-6 GENERATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF INBREEDING
- INCREASES HOMOZYGOSITY
- EXPOSES HARMFUL RECESSIVE GENES THAT ARE ELIMINATED BY SELECTION
- HELPS IN ACCUMULATION OF SUPERIOR GENES AND ELIMINATION OF LESS DESIRABLE
CONTINUED INBREEDING OFTEN REDUCES THE FERTILITY AND EVEN PRODUCTIVITY. THIS PHENOMENON IS REFERRED TO AS
INBREEDING DEPRESSION
OUT CROSSING
MATING WITHIN THE SAME BREED, BUT HAVING NO COMMON ANCESTORS UP TO 4-6 GENERATIONS
HOW TO OVERCOME INBREEDING DEPRESSION?
A SINGLE OUT-CROSS IS ENOUGH
CROSS BREEDING
MALES OF ONE BREED MATED WITH FEMALES OF ANOTHER BREED
HISARDALE HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN WHICH STATE
PUNJAB
HISARDALE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY
CROSSING BIKANERI EWES AND MARINO RAMS
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDISATION
MALE AND FEMALE OF TWO DIFFERENT RELATED SPECIES ARE MATED
MULE IS PRODUCED BY
MALE DONKEY + FEMALE HORSE
HINNY IS PRODUCED BY
FEMALE DONKEY + MALE HORSE
CONTROLLED BREEDING EXPERIMENTS ARE CARRIED OUT BY
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
THE SEMEN IS GENERALLY KEPT FROZEN IN
LIQUID NITROGEN (-196 C)
MOET IS
MULTIPLE OVULATION EMBRYO TRANSFER
STEPS OF MOET
- COW ADMINISTERED WITH FSH-LIKE HORMONES
- COW SUPER OVULATES AND PRODUCES 6-8 EGGS
- EITHER MATED WITH ELITE BULL OR ARTIFICIALLY INSEMINATED
- FERTILISED EGGS AT 8-32 CELLS STAGE RECOVERED NON-SURGICALLY AND TRANSFERRED TO NON-SURROGATE MOTHERS
BEE KEEPING IS KNOWN AS
APICULTURE
APICULTURE IS
THE MAINTENANCE OF HIVES OF HONEYBEES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HONEY
THE PRIMARY PRODUCT OF HONEYBEES
BEESWAX
THE SECONDARY PRODUCT OF HONEYBEES IS
HONEY
BEESWAX FINDS ITS USE IN WHICH INDUSTRY
PREPARATION OF COSMETICS AND POLISHES OF VARIOUS KINDS
THE MOST COMMON SPECIES OF BEE IS
APIS INDICA
WHAT IS FISHERY?
AN INDUSTRY DEVOTED TO THE CATCHING, PROCESSING OR SELLING OF FISH, SHELLFISH OR OTHER AQUATIC ANIMALS
FRESHWATER FISHES
CATLA, ROHU AND COMMON CARP
MARINE FISHES ARE
HILSA, SARDINES, MACKEREL AND POMFRETS
AQUACULTURE
CULTURING AND REARING OF FISHES ALONG WITH OTHER AQUATIC ORGANISMS (ANIMALS AND PLANTS)
PISCICULTURE
CULTURING AND REARING OF FISHES
BLUE REVOLUTION IS RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION OF
FISHERIES
TRADITIONAL FARMING PRODUCES LOW YIELD.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA WAS STARTED BY
M.S SWAMINATHAN
GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA WAS STARTED IN WHICH YEAR
1960s
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYBRID CROP
- INCREASED TOLERANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES SUCH AS SALINITY, EXTREME TEMPERATURES AND DROUGHT
- RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS LIKE VIRUS, FUNGI AND BACTERIA
- INCREASED TOLERANCE TO INSECT PESTS
WHAT IS THE ROOT OF ANY BREEDING PROGRAMME?
GENETIC VARIABILITY
WHAT IS THE PRE-REQUISITE FOR EFFECTIVE EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL GENES?
COLLECTION OF VARIABILITY
WHAT IS GERMPLASM COLLECTION?
THE ENTIRE COLLECTION (OF PLANTS/ SEEDS) HAVING ALL THE DIVERSE ALLELES FOR ALL GENES IN A GIVEN CROP
PURELINES ARE CREATED BY
SELF-CROSSING
WHICH PROCESS IN BREEDING IS TIME-CONSUMING AND TEDIOUS?
CROSS HYBRIDISATION AMONG THE SELECTED PARENTS
WHICH PROCESS IS CRUCIAL FOR THE SUCCESS OF BREEDING OBJECTIVE?
SELECTION OF THE SUPERIOR RECOMBINANTS
THE EVALUATION IN RESEARCH FIELDS IS FOLLOWED BY TESTING THE MATERIALS IN FARMER’S FIELD FOR AT LEAST 3 GROWING SEASONS.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
WHAT PERCENTAGE AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS IN INDIA’S GDP?
33%
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYMENT IS GIVEN BY AGRICULTURE?
62%
DURING THE PERIOD 1960 TO 2000, WHEAT PRODUCTION INCREASED FROM ———- TO ——— .
11 MILLION TONNES TO 75 MILLION TONNES
RICE PRODUCTION INCREASED FROM ——– TO ———– DURING THE PERIOD 1960 TO 2000.
35 MILLION TONNES TO 89.5 MILLION TONNES
THE REASON BEHIND THE SUDDEN INCREASE IN WHEAT AND RICE PRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES
NORMAN E. BORLAUG IS A NOBEL AWARDEE.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
NORMAN E. BORLAUG DEVELOPED SEMI DWARF VARIETY OF ——– AT ———–
WHEAT
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR WHEAT AND MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN MEXICO
SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES DEVELOPED IN INDIA
SONALIKA AND KALYAN SONA
CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF WHEAT GROWN IN INDIA
HIGH YIELDING
DISEASE RESISTANT
SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF RICE DEVELOPED INTERNATIONALLY AND IN WHICH YEAR
IR-8 AND TAICHUNG NATIVE -1
1966
IR-8 WAS DEVELOPED IN
INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IRRI), PHILLIPINES
TAICHUNG NATIVE - 1 WAS DEVELOPED AT
TAIWAN
SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF RICE IN INDIA
JAYA AND RATNA
SACCHARUM BARBERI WAS GROWN IN ———
NORTH INDIA
HAD POOR SUGAR CONTENT
SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM WAS GROWN IN
SOUTH INDIA
HAD THICKER STEMS AND HIGH SUGAR CONTENT
CROP LOSSES CAN BE UP TO
20-30 %
HYBRIDS REDUCE THE DEPENDANCE ON USE OF FUNGICIDES AND BACTERIOCIDES.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
FUNGAL DISEASES
BROWN RUST OF WHEAT
RED ROT OF SUGARCANE
LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO
BACTERIAL DISEASE
BLACK ROT OF CRUCIFERS
VIRAL DISEASE
TMV
TURNIP MOSAIC
HIMIGIRI IS A VARIETY OF ——- AND IS RESISTANT TO ——– AND ——–.
WHEAT
LEAF AND STIPE RUST ; HILL BUNT
PUSA SWARNIM OR KARAN RAI IS A VARIETY OF ——- AND IS RESISTANT TO ——-
BRASSICA
WHITE RUST
PUSA SHUBHRA AND PUSA SNOWBALL K-1 IS A VARIETY OF —— AND IS RESISTANT TO —— AND ——-.
CAULIFLOWER
BLACK ROT ; CURL BLIGHT BLACK ROT
PUSA KOMAL IS A VARIETY OF —– WHICH IS RESISTANT TO ——-
COWPEA
BACTERIAL BLIGHT
PUSA SADABAHAR IS A VARIETY OF —— AND IS RESISTANT TO ——, ——- AND —- DISEASES
CHILLI
CHILLY MOSAIC VIRUS ; TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS AND LEAF CURL
THE PROCESS BY WHICH GENETIC VARIATIONS ARE CREATED THROUGH CHANGES IN BASE SEQUENCE WITHIN THE GENES ——-
MUTATION
MUTATIONS ARE INDUCED BY
GAMMA RADIATIONS OR CHEMICALS
RESISTANCE TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS AND POWDERY MILDEW IN MUNG BEAN WERE INTRODUCED BY
MUTATION BREEDING
VARIETY OF BHINDI WHICH IS RESISTANT TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS
PARBHANI KRANTI
RESISTANCE WAS TRANSFERRED FROM A WILD SPECIES AND RESULTED IN A NEW VARIETY
HAIRY LEAVES IN COTTON IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO
JASSIDS
HAIRY LEAVES IN WHEAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO
CEREAL LEAF BEETLE
SOLID STEMS IN WHEAT MAKES IT RESISTANT TO
STEM SAWFLY
SMOOTH LEAVES AND NECTAR-LESS COTTON VARIETIES MAKES IT RESISTANT TO
BOLLWORMS
MAIZE IS RESISTANT TO MAIZE STEM BORERS DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF
HIGH ASPARTIC ACID, LOW NITROGEN AND SUGAR CONTENT
PUSA GAURAW IS A VARIETY OF —— AND IS RESISTANT TO —–
BRASSICA
APHIDS
BRASSICA IS ALSO KNOWN AS
RAPESEED MUSTARD
PUSA SEM 2 AND PUSA SEM 3 ARE A VARIETY OF ——- AND IS RESISTANT TO ——
FLAT BEAN
JASSIDS, APHIDS AND FRUIT BORER
PUSA SAWANI AND PUSA A-4 ARE A VARIETY OF ——– AND IS RESISTANT TO —–
OKRA
SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER
—— NUMBER OF PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE FOOD TO MEET THEIR DAILY REQUIREMENTS
MORE THAN 840 MILLION
WHAT IS HIDDEN HUNGER?
DEFICIENCY OF ESSENTIAL VITAMINS AND MINERALS
ESSENTIAL MICRONUTRIENTS WHOSE DEFICIENCY CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DISORDER
ZINC, IRON, IODINE, VITAMIN-A AND IODINE
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF BIOFORTIFICATION?
BREEDING CROPS WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF VITAMINS AND MINERALS OR HIGHER PROTEIN AND HEALTHIER FATS
BREEDING FOR IMPROVED NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IS UNDERTAKEN WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF IMPROVING
PROTEIN CONTENT AND QUALITY
OIL CONTENT AND QUALITY
VITAMIN CONTENT
MICRONUTRIENT AND MACRONUTRIENT
IN ——- YEAR MAIZE HYBRIDS HAD TWICE THE AMOUNT OF THE AMINO ACIDS, —— AND ——- COMPARED TO THE EXISTING MAIZE HYBRIDS
2000
LYSINE AND TRYPTOPHAN
WHICH VARIETY OF WHEAT HAS HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT AND HAS BEEN USED AS A DONOR FOR IMPROVING CULTIVATED WHEAT
ATLAS-66
VITAMIN A ENRICHED VEGETABLES
SPINACH AND PUMPKIN
VITAMIN C ENRICHED
BITTER GOURD, MUSTARD, BATHUA AND TOMATO
IRON AND CALCIUM ENRICHED
SPINACH AND BATHUA
PROTEIN ENRICHED
BEANS - BROAD, LABLAB, FRENCH AND GARDEN PEAS
—— % OF HUMAN POPULATION IS SUFFERING FROM HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION
MORE THAN 25
SPIRULINA IS A
BLUE-GREEN ALGAE
SPIRULINA CAN BE GROWN ON
MATERIALS LIKE WASTE WATER
WHICH BACTERIA CAN PRODUCE 25 TONNES OF PROTEINS
METHYLOPHILUS METHYLOTROPHUS
EXPLANT IS
ANY PART OF PLANT TAKEN OUT AND GROWN IN A TEST TUBE UNDER STERILE CONDITIONS IN A SPECIAL NUTRIENT MEDIUM
TOTIPOTENCY IS
CAPACITY TO GENERATE A WHOLE PLANT CELL OR EXPLANT
MICROPROPOGATION IS
METHOD OF PRODUCING THOUSANDS OF PLANTS THROUGH TISSUE CULTURE
THE PLANTS. PRODUCED BY MICROPROPOGATION ARE IDENTICAL TO EACH OTHER AND ARE REFERRED TO AS
SOMACLONES
WHICH PLANTS ARE PRODUCED BY THE METHOD OF MICROPROPOGATION
TOMATO
BANANA
APPLE
EVEN IF THE PLANT IS INFECTED, WHICH PART OF THE PLANT STAYS UNAFFECTED BY THE VIRUS?
MERISTEM (APICAL AND AXILLARY)
WHICH PLANTS ARE SUCCESSFULLY PRODUCED BY THE METHOD OF GROWING THE MERISTEM IN-VITRO
BANANA
SUGARCANE
POTATO
SOMATIC HYBRIDS ARE
THEY ARE PRODUCED BY FUSING DESIRABLE ISOLATED PROTOPLAST
THE PROCESS OF SOMATIC HYBRIDS IS CALLED AS
SOMATIC HYBRIDISATION
POMATO IS A FUSION OF
POTATO AND TOMATO
POMATO IS PRODUCED BY THE METHOD OF
SOMATIC HYBRIDISATION