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FOOD ENHANCEMENT Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

A

THE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OF BREEDING AND RAISING LIVESTOCKS

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2
Q

LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN INDIA AND CHINA

A

MORE THAN 70%

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3
Q

CONTRIBUTION OF INDIA AND CHINA IN THE WORLD FARM PRODUCE

A

ONLY 25%

IT MEANS PRODUCTIVITY PER UNIT IS LOW

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4
Q

OBJECTIVES OF DAIRY FARM MANAGEMENT

A

INCREASING YIELD

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MILK

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5
Q

MILK YIELD IS PRIMARILY DEPENDENT ON

A

THE QUALITY OF BREED

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6
Q

WHICH QUALITIES OF FODDER HAVE TO BE EMPHASISED TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CATTLE PRODUCING MILK?

A

QUALITY OF FODDER

QUANTITY OF FODDER

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7
Q

POULTRY IS THE CLASS OF

A

DOMESTICATED FOWLS (BIRDS) USED FOR FOOD OR THER EGGS

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8
Q

POULTRY INCLUDES

A

CHICKEN, DUCK, TURKEY AND GEESE

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9
Q

BREED MEANS

A

A GROUP OF ANIMALS RELATED BY DESCENT AND SIMILAR IN MOST CHARACTERS LIKE GENERAL APPEARANCE, FEATURES, CONFIGURATION, SIZE, ETC.

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10
Q

INBREEDING MEANS

A

MATING OF MORE CLOSELY RELATED INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE SAME BREED FOR 4-6 GENERATIONS

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11
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INBREEDING

A
  • INCREASES HOMOZYGOSITY
  • EXPOSES HARMFUL RECESSIVE GENES THAT ARE ELIMINATED BY SELECTION
  • HELPS IN ACCUMULATION OF SUPERIOR GENES AND ELIMINATION OF LESS DESIRABLE
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12
Q

CONTINUED INBREEDING OFTEN REDUCES THE FERTILITY AND EVEN PRODUCTIVITY. THIS PHENOMENON IS REFERRED TO AS

A

INBREEDING DEPRESSION

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13
Q

OUT CROSSING

A

MATING WITHIN THE SAME BREED, BUT HAVING NO COMMON ANCESTORS UP TO 4-6 GENERATIONS

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14
Q

HOW TO OVERCOME INBREEDING DEPRESSION?

A

A SINGLE OUT-CROSS IS ENOUGH

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15
Q

CROSS BREEDING

A

MALES OF ONE BREED MATED WITH FEMALES OF ANOTHER BREED

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16
Q

HISARDALE HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN WHICH STATE

A

PUNJAB

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17
Q

HISARDALE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY

A

CROSSING BIKANERI EWES AND MARINO RAMS

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18
Q

INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDISATION

A

MALE AND FEMALE OF TWO DIFFERENT RELATED SPECIES ARE MATED

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19
Q

MULE IS PRODUCED BY

A

MALE DONKEY + FEMALE HORSE

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20
Q

HINNY IS PRODUCED BY

A

FEMALE DONKEY + MALE HORSE

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21
Q

CONTROLLED BREEDING EXPERIMENTS ARE CARRIED OUT BY

A

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

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22
Q

THE SEMEN IS GENERALLY KEPT FROZEN IN

A

LIQUID NITROGEN (-196 C)

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23
Q

MOET IS

A

MULTIPLE OVULATION EMBRYO TRANSFER

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24
Q

STEPS OF MOET

A
  • COW ADMINISTERED WITH FSH-LIKE HORMONES
  • COW SUPER OVULATES AND PRODUCES 6-8 EGGS
  • EITHER MATED WITH ELITE BULL OR ARTIFICIALLY INSEMINATED
  • FERTILISED EGGS AT 8-32 CELLS STAGE RECOVERED NON-SURGICALLY AND TRANSFERRED TO NON-SURROGATE MOTHERS
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25
Q

BEE KEEPING IS KNOWN AS

A

APICULTURE

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26
Q

APICULTURE IS

A

THE MAINTENANCE OF HIVES OF HONEYBEES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HONEY

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27
Q

THE PRIMARY PRODUCT OF HONEYBEES

A

BEESWAX

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28
Q

THE SECONDARY PRODUCT OF HONEYBEES IS

A

HONEY

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29
Q

BEESWAX FINDS ITS USE IN WHICH INDUSTRY

A

PREPARATION OF COSMETICS AND POLISHES OF VARIOUS KINDS

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30
Q

THE MOST COMMON SPECIES OF BEE IS

A

APIS INDICA

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31
Q

WHAT IS FISHERY?

A

AN INDUSTRY DEVOTED TO THE CATCHING, PROCESSING OR SELLING OF FISH, SHELLFISH OR OTHER AQUATIC ANIMALS

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32
Q

FRESHWATER FISHES

A

CATLA, ROHU AND COMMON CARP

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33
Q

MARINE FISHES ARE

A

HILSA, SARDINES, MACKEREL AND POMFRETS

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34
Q

AQUACULTURE

A

CULTURING AND REARING OF FISHES ALONG WITH OTHER AQUATIC ORGANISMS (ANIMALS AND PLANTS)

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35
Q

PISCICULTURE

A

CULTURING AND REARING OF FISHES

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36
Q

BLUE REVOLUTION IS RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION OF

A

FISHERIES

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37
Q

TRADITIONAL FARMING PRODUCES LOW YIELD.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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38
Q

GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA WAS STARTED BY

A

M.S SWAMINATHAN

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39
Q

GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA WAS STARTED IN WHICH YEAR

A

1960s

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40
Q

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYBRID CROP

A
  • INCREASED TOLERANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES SUCH AS SALINITY, EXTREME TEMPERATURES AND DROUGHT
  • RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS LIKE VIRUS, FUNGI AND BACTERIA
  • INCREASED TOLERANCE TO INSECT PESTS
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41
Q

WHAT IS THE ROOT OF ANY BREEDING PROGRAMME?

A

GENETIC VARIABILITY

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42
Q

WHAT IS THE PRE-REQUISITE FOR EFFECTIVE EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL GENES?

A

COLLECTION OF VARIABILITY

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43
Q

WHAT IS GERMPLASM COLLECTION?

A

THE ENTIRE COLLECTION (OF PLANTS/ SEEDS) HAVING ALL THE DIVERSE ALLELES FOR ALL GENES IN A GIVEN CROP

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44
Q

PURELINES ARE CREATED BY

A

SELF-CROSSING

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45
Q

WHICH PROCESS IN BREEDING IS TIME-CONSUMING AND TEDIOUS?

A

CROSS HYBRIDISATION AMONG THE SELECTED PARENTS

46
Q

WHICH PROCESS IS CRUCIAL FOR THE SUCCESS OF BREEDING OBJECTIVE?

A

SELECTION OF THE SUPERIOR RECOMBINANTS

47
Q

THE EVALUATION IN RESEARCH FIELDS IS FOLLOWED BY TESTING THE MATERIALS IN FARMER’S FIELD FOR AT LEAST 3 GROWING SEASONS.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

48
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS IN INDIA’S GDP?

A

33%

49
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYMENT IS GIVEN BY AGRICULTURE?

A

62%

50
Q

DURING THE PERIOD 1960 TO 2000, WHEAT PRODUCTION INCREASED FROM ———- TO ——— .

A

11 MILLION TONNES TO 75 MILLION TONNES

51
Q

RICE PRODUCTION INCREASED FROM ——– TO ———– DURING THE PERIOD 1960 TO 2000.

A

35 MILLION TONNES TO 89.5 MILLION TONNES

52
Q

THE REASON BEHIND THE SUDDEN INCREASE IN WHEAT AND RICE PRODUCTION

A

DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES

53
Q

NORMAN E. BORLAUG IS A NOBEL AWARDEE.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

54
Q

NORMAN E. BORLAUG DEVELOPED SEMI DWARF VARIETY OF ——– AT ———–

A

WHEAT

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR WHEAT AND MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN MEXICO

55
Q

SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES DEVELOPED IN INDIA

A

SONALIKA AND KALYAN SONA

56
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF WHEAT GROWN IN INDIA

A

HIGH YIELDING

DISEASE RESISTANT

57
Q

SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF RICE DEVELOPED INTERNATIONALLY AND IN WHICH YEAR

A

IR-8 AND TAICHUNG NATIVE -1

1966

58
Q

IR-8 WAS DEVELOPED IN

A

INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IRRI), PHILLIPINES

59
Q

TAICHUNG NATIVE - 1 WAS DEVELOPED AT

A

TAIWAN

60
Q

SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF RICE IN INDIA

A

JAYA AND RATNA

61
Q

SACCHARUM BARBERI WAS GROWN IN ———

A

NORTH INDIA

HAD POOR SUGAR CONTENT

62
Q

SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM WAS GROWN IN

A

SOUTH INDIA

HAD THICKER STEMS AND HIGH SUGAR CONTENT

63
Q

CROP LOSSES CAN BE UP TO

A

20-30 %

64
Q

HYBRIDS REDUCE THE DEPENDANCE ON USE OF FUNGICIDES AND BACTERIOCIDES.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

65
Q

FUNGAL DISEASES

A

BROWN RUST OF WHEAT
RED ROT OF SUGARCANE
LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO

66
Q

BACTERIAL DISEASE

A

BLACK ROT OF CRUCIFERS

67
Q

VIRAL DISEASE

A

TMV

TURNIP MOSAIC

68
Q

HIMIGIRI IS A VARIETY OF ——- AND IS RESISTANT TO ——– AND ——–.

A

WHEAT

LEAF AND STIPE RUST ; HILL BUNT

69
Q

PUSA SWARNIM OR KARAN RAI IS A VARIETY OF ——- AND IS RESISTANT TO ——-

A

BRASSICA

WHITE RUST

70
Q

PUSA SHUBHRA AND PUSA SNOWBALL K-1 IS A VARIETY OF —— AND IS RESISTANT TO —— AND ——-.

A

CAULIFLOWER

BLACK ROT ; CURL BLIGHT BLACK ROT

71
Q

PUSA KOMAL IS A VARIETY OF —– WHICH IS RESISTANT TO ——-

A

COWPEA

BACTERIAL BLIGHT

72
Q

PUSA SADABAHAR IS A VARIETY OF —— AND IS RESISTANT TO ——, ——- AND —- DISEASES

A

CHILLI

CHILLY MOSAIC VIRUS ; TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS AND LEAF CURL

73
Q

THE PROCESS BY WHICH GENETIC VARIATIONS ARE CREATED THROUGH CHANGES IN BASE SEQUENCE WITHIN THE GENES ——-

A

MUTATION

74
Q

MUTATIONS ARE INDUCED BY

A

GAMMA RADIATIONS OR CHEMICALS

75
Q

RESISTANCE TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS AND POWDERY MILDEW IN MUNG BEAN WERE INTRODUCED BY

A

MUTATION BREEDING

76
Q

VARIETY OF BHINDI WHICH IS RESISTANT TO YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS

A

PARBHANI KRANTI

RESISTANCE WAS TRANSFERRED FROM A WILD SPECIES AND RESULTED IN A NEW VARIETY

77
Q

HAIRY LEAVES IN COTTON IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO

A

JASSIDS

78
Q

HAIRY LEAVES IN WHEAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO

A

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE

79
Q

SOLID STEMS IN WHEAT MAKES IT RESISTANT TO

A

STEM SAWFLY

80
Q

SMOOTH LEAVES AND NECTAR-LESS COTTON VARIETIES MAKES IT RESISTANT TO

A

BOLLWORMS

81
Q

MAIZE IS RESISTANT TO MAIZE STEM BORERS DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF

A

HIGH ASPARTIC ACID, LOW NITROGEN AND SUGAR CONTENT

82
Q

PUSA GAURAW IS A VARIETY OF —— AND IS RESISTANT TO —–

A

BRASSICA

APHIDS

83
Q

BRASSICA IS ALSO KNOWN AS

A

RAPESEED MUSTARD

84
Q

PUSA SEM 2 AND PUSA SEM 3 ARE A VARIETY OF ——- AND IS RESISTANT TO ——

A

FLAT BEAN

JASSIDS, APHIDS AND FRUIT BORER

85
Q

PUSA SAWANI AND PUSA A-4 ARE A VARIETY OF ——– AND IS RESISTANT TO —–

A

OKRA

SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER

86
Q

—— NUMBER OF PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE FOOD TO MEET THEIR DAILY REQUIREMENTS

A

MORE THAN 840 MILLION

87
Q

WHAT IS HIDDEN HUNGER?

A

DEFICIENCY OF ESSENTIAL VITAMINS AND MINERALS

88
Q

ESSENTIAL MICRONUTRIENTS WHOSE DEFICIENCY CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DISORDER

A

ZINC, IRON, IODINE, VITAMIN-A AND IODINE

89
Q

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF BIOFORTIFICATION?

A

BREEDING CROPS WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF VITAMINS AND MINERALS OR HIGHER PROTEIN AND HEALTHIER FATS

90
Q

BREEDING FOR IMPROVED NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IS UNDERTAKEN WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF IMPROVING

A

PROTEIN CONTENT AND QUALITY
OIL CONTENT AND QUALITY
VITAMIN CONTENT
MICRONUTRIENT AND MACRONUTRIENT

91
Q

IN ——- YEAR MAIZE HYBRIDS HAD TWICE THE AMOUNT OF THE AMINO ACIDS, —— AND ——- COMPARED TO THE EXISTING MAIZE HYBRIDS

A

2000

LYSINE AND TRYPTOPHAN

92
Q

WHICH VARIETY OF WHEAT HAS HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT AND HAS BEEN USED AS A DONOR FOR IMPROVING CULTIVATED WHEAT

A

ATLAS-66

93
Q

VITAMIN A ENRICHED VEGETABLES

A

SPINACH AND PUMPKIN

94
Q

VITAMIN C ENRICHED

A

BITTER GOURD, MUSTARD, BATHUA AND TOMATO

95
Q

IRON AND CALCIUM ENRICHED

A

SPINACH AND BATHUA

96
Q

PROTEIN ENRICHED

A

BEANS - BROAD, LABLAB, FRENCH AND GARDEN PEAS

97
Q

—— % OF HUMAN POPULATION IS SUFFERING FROM HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION

A

MORE THAN 25

98
Q

SPIRULINA IS A

A

BLUE-GREEN ALGAE

99
Q

SPIRULINA CAN BE GROWN ON

A

MATERIALS LIKE WASTE WATER

100
Q

WHICH BACTERIA CAN PRODUCE 25 TONNES OF PROTEINS

A

METHYLOPHILUS METHYLOTROPHUS

101
Q

EXPLANT IS

A

ANY PART OF PLANT TAKEN OUT AND GROWN IN A TEST TUBE UNDER STERILE CONDITIONS IN A SPECIAL NUTRIENT MEDIUM

102
Q

TOTIPOTENCY IS

A

CAPACITY TO GENERATE A WHOLE PLANT CELL OR EXPLANT

103
Q

MICROPROPOGATION IS

A

METHOD OF PRODUCING THOUSANDS OF PLANTS THROUGH TISSUE CULTURE

104
Q

THE PLANTS. PRODUCED BY MICROPROPOGATION ARE IDENTICAL TO EACH OTHER AND ARE REFERRED TO AS

A

SOMACLONES

105
Q

WHICH PLANTS ARE PRODUCED BY THE METHOD OF MICROPROPOGATION

A

TOMATO
BANANA
APPLE

106
Q

EVEN IF THE PLANT IS INFECTED, WHICH PART OF THE PLANT STAYS UNAFFECTED BY THE VIRUS?

A

MERISTEM (APICAL AND AXILLARY)

107
Q

WHICH PLANTS ARE SUCCESSFULLY PRODUCED BY THE METHOD OF GROWING THE MERISTEM IN-VITRO

A

BANANA
SUGARCANE
POTATO

108
Q

SOMATIC HYBRIDS ARE

A

THEY ARE PRODUCED BY FUSING DESIRABLE ISOLATED PROTOPLAST

109
Q

THE PROCESS OF SOMATIC HYBRIDS IS CALLED AS

A

SOMATIC HYBRIDISATION

110
Q

POMATO IS A FUSION OF

A

POTATO AND TOMATO

111
Q

POMATO IS PRODUCED BY THE METHOD OF

A

SOMATIC HYBRIDISATION

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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