Planes, Ranges and Anatomical position

Question 1

What is the anatomical position

Answer 1

Body standing upright with both arms hanging either side and palms faced up. Legs are parallel with feet facing flat and forward

Question 2

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 2

In the front of the body

Question 3

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 3

On the back of the body

Question 4

Superior

Answer 4

Towards the head (above)

Question 5

Inferior

Answer 5

Towards the feet (below)

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Towards the midline

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

Away from the midline

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Nearest the point of attachment / point of origin

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Furthest the point of attachment / point of origin

Question 10

Cephalad

Answer 10

Towards the head

Question 11

Caudad

Answer 11

Toward the tail

Question 12

Superficial

Answer 12

Towards the surface of the skin

Question 13

Deep

Answer 13

Away from the surface of the skin

Question 14

Sagittal (median) plane

Answer 14

Divides the body into left and right

Question 15

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 15

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 16

Horizontal (transverse) plane

Answer 16

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections

Question 17

Plantar

Answer 17

Sole of the foot

Question 18

Palmar

Answer 18

Palm of hand

Question 19

Dorsal

Answer 19

back of hand or top of foot

Question 20

Physiological Movements in the Sagittal Plane

Answer 20

Flexion- A bending movement at a joint
Extension- A straightening movement
Plantarflexion- Foot points forwards
Dorsiflexion- Foot points towards the head

Question 21

Physiological Movements in the Frontal Plane

Answer 21

Elevation- movement in a superior direction
Depression- movement in an inferior direction
Abduction- movement away from the midline
Adduction- movement towards the midline
Radial Deviation- movement of hand thumb way
Ulnar Deviation- movement of hand pinky way
Lateral Flexion- Moving a body part to the side
Eversion- sole of foot moves outwards
Inversion- sole of foot moves inwards

Question 22

Physiological Movements in the Transverse Plan

Answer 22

Medial rotation- a rotational movement towards the midline
Lateral rotation- external rotation of the limb away from the midline
Circumduction- shoulder abduction, shoulder adduction, Flexion and Extension
Opposition- a small hand movement consisting of the thumb touching the tips of the other fingers

Question 23

Movements of the Thumb

Answer 23

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition

Question 24

Number of
movements available for a uniaxial joint

Answer 24

1

Question 25

Number of
movements available for a biaxial joint

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Number of
movements available for a multi-axial joint

Answer 26

3