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anatomyyyy y2s1 > plan of neckkk > Flashcards

plan of neckkk Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 categories of bony landmark of the neck?

A

Upper limit bones

Inferior limit bones

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2
Q

what are the bony landmarks in the upper limit of the neck?

A

Inferior border of mandible

MASTOID process of temporal bone

external occipital protuberance

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3
Q

what are the bones in the inferior limit of the neck?

A
  • Manubrium ( jugular notch )

-Clavicle

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4
Q

what is hyoid bone? what are the components of it?

A

U shaped bone

has a body

2 horns

moves during swallowing

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5
Q

what are the horns of the hyoid bone?

A

Lesser horn –> found anteriorly

greater horn —> found more laterally

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6
Q

what is the level of hyoid bone in corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

C3

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7
Q

what ligament connects the styloid process to the hyoid bone?

A

stylohyoid ligament

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8
Q

there are muscles connecting the hyoid bone to which structures?

A

Tongue

mandible

sternum

larynx

pharynx

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9
Q

what is the tubercle that is found in the mandible from behind?

A

genio tubercle

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10
Q

what happens when hyoid bone is fractured?

A

hyoid bone would be pulled in many directions causing problems in breathing, speaking . swallowing

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11
Q

what is laryngeal prominence ?

A

prominence found in the neck formed by thyroid cartilage

more prominent in males and raise with swallowing ( similar to hyoid bone )

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12
Q

what is the level of laryngeal prominence in corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

C4 and C5 vertebrae

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13
Q

what is the cartilage below the thyroid cartilage?

A

cricoid cartilage

ring shaped

felt below the laryngeal prominence

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14
Q

what is the level of cricoid cartilage in corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

C6

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15
Q

what happens at the level of C6?

A

pharynx continue as THE esophagus

larynx continue as THE trachea

trachea terminate at T4

esophagus enter diaphragm at T10

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16
Q

what is the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

a muscle from the sternum to the mastoid process of temporal bone

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17
Q

what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Origin :

Sternal head : upper part of the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni

Clavicular head : Upper surface of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle

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18
Q

what is the insertion of sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process

lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

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19
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle continue as?

A

superior nachal line

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20
Q

what is the nerve supply of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Motor supply –> spinal accessory nerve

proprioceptive –> C2, C3

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21
Q

what are the actions of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

moves insertion toward origin –> moves the mastoid process towards the manubrium and clavicle —> Tilt the head on the same side

Turn the face to the opposite side

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22
Q

what is the action of it if the neck is fixed?

A

Elevation of the ribe during forced inspiration

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23
Q

what is digastric muscle?

A

muscles from the mandible to the mastoid process BUT theres a tendon in the middle of it connecting it to the hyoid bone via fibrous sling

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24
Q

what is the ANTERIOR belly of digastric muscle attached to?

A

Mandible

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25
Q

what is the posterior belly of digastric muscle attached to?

A

mastoid process

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26
Q

where is the intermediate tendon ?

A

hyoid bone connected to it via fibrous sling

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27
Q

what is omohyoid muscle?

A

muscle from hyoid bone to the scapula BUT theres a tendon binding it in the middle on the sternocleido mastoid

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28
Q

where is the SUPERIOR belly of omohyoid attached to?

A

on the hyoid bone lateral to sternohyoid and runs downwards and laterally passing DEEP/UNDER to sternomastoid

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29
Q

where is the INFERIOR belly of omohyoid muscle attached to?

A

scapula

passes in the posterior triangle to reach the scapula

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30
Q

how are the 2 bellies joined together? ( intermediate tendon )

A

flat tendon deep to sternocleidomastoid

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31
Q

how many triangles in the necks we have given by the sternocleidomastoid ?

A

2 triangles

anterior triangle

posterior triangle

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32
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

anteriorly –> sternomastoid

posteriorly –> trapezius

apex –> meeting point between the trapezius and sternomastoid at the back of the skull

base –> middle of third of the clavicle , between the attachment of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

33
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle ?

A

anteriorly –> midline

posteriorly –> sternocleidomastoid

base –> mandible line from angle to the mastoid

apex –> suprasternal notch

34
Q

what are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

base is median line

medial border of superior belly of omohyoid muscle

medial border of sternocleidomastoid

35
Q

what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle ?

A

lateral border of the superior omohyoid muscle

medial border of sternocleidomastoid

lower border of the posterior digastric muscle

36
Q

what vessels are found in the carotid triangle?

A

carotid sheath with the carotid vessels and vagus nerve

37
Q

what are the boundaries of the digastric/submandible triangle?

A

lateral border of the anterior digastric

upper border of posterior digastric

lower border of the mandible

38
Q

what gland is found in the digastric triangle ?

A

submandibulum gland

39
Q

what are the borders of submental triangle ?

A

midline

lateral border of the anterior digastric

upper border of the posterior digastric

40
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles ?

A

muscles above the hyoid bone

digastric

stylohyoid

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

hyoglossus

41
Q

what is geniohyoid muscle?

A

extends from genio tubercle of the mandible and hyoid bone

41
Q

what is the stylohyoid muscle?

A

muscle from the styloid process of temporal bone to the hyoid bone

it is above the posterior belly of digastric

42
Q

what is mylohyoid bone?

A

extend from the mandible to the hyoid bone

attached to the midline raphe

43
Q

what is hyoglossus ?

A

extend from the hyoid bone to the tongue ( tongue muscle )

44
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid

omohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

45
Q

what is the sternohyoid muscle?

A

between manubrium and hyoid bone

superficial to sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

46
Q

what is sternothyroid muscle?

A

between the manubrium and the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

47
Q

what is thyrohyoid muscle?

A

from oblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

48
Q

what is the nerve supply of infrahyoid muscles ?

A

ansa cervicalis

49
Q

what are the components of ansa cervicalis?

A

superior loop C1

inferior loop of cervical plexus C2, C3

50
Q

what are the branches of Superior Loop C1?

A

Descending hypoglossal nerve

hypoglossal nerve

51
Q

what is the nerve supply of thyrohyoid muscle?

A

hypoglossal branch from C1

52
Q

what are the layers of fascia around the neck?

A

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

53
Q

what are the blocks deeper to the deep fascia?

A

respiratory digestive block

musculo vertebral block

54
Q

what is respiratory digestive block?

A

connective tissue enclosing the trachea, esophagus, infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland and thyroid cartilage

55
Q

what is the musculo vertebral block?

A

connective tissue enclosing the vertebral muscles

AKA PRE VERTEBRAL FASCIA

56
Q

what is the investing layer of deep cervical fascia?

A

the fascia that surrounds the whole neck it also splits and envelopes around the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid

57
Q

the content of respiratory digestive block is surrounded by what?

A

pre tracheal fascia –> it encloses trachea , esophagus and thyroid gland + the infrahyoid muscles

58
Q

the content of the musculo vertebral block is enclosed by what?

A

prevertebral fascia

it surrounds the musculo-vertebral block

59
Q

what are the deep fascias of the neck?

A

investing layer ( Surround sternocleidomastoid + traps )

pretracheal fascia –> surrounds the content of the respiratory block

carotid fascia —> surrounds carotid vessels and vagus nerve

prevertebral fascia –> Surrounds the content of musculo vertebral block

60
Q

where is the carotid sheath located?

A

between the respiratory digestive block and the vertebral block

61
Q

what nerve occupies the groove betweeen trachea and esophagus?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

62
Q

what are the muscles in musculo vertebral block?

A

longus colli

scalenus anterior —> arise from the anterior transverse tubercle processes

scalenus medius and posterior –> arise from posterior tubercles

levator scapulae and deep muscle of the necks –> most posteriorly

63
Q

where is the longus colli located?

A

in front of the vertebral bodies

64
Q

what nerve is in front of the scalenus anterior?

A

phrenic nerve

65
Q

what nerve is between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius and posterior?

A

brachial plexus

66
Q

what is blood supply of the neck?

A

Right common carotid artery from brachiocephalic

and left common carotid artery from the aorta

67
Q

where do the carotid vessels run?

A

in the carotid sheath

68
Q

when does the carotid artery divide into internal and external ?

A

upper border of thyroid cartilage

69
Q

where does the internal brachial artery supply?

A

intracranial inside the skull

70
Q

what are the branches of external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary

superficial temporal

posterior auricular

occiptal

ascending pharyngeal

superior thyroid

Fascial

lingual

71
Q

what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

superficial temporal

Maxillary

72
Q

what are the veins of the neck?

A

external jugular vein –> superficial to the external sternocleidomastoid

internal jugular vein

anterior jugular vein

73
Q

where does the external jugular vein empty?

A

subclavian vein

74
Q

what happens to the internal jugular vein?

A

internal jugular vein joins the subclavian to form the BRACHIOCEPHALIC

75
Q

where does the anterior jugular vein empty to?

A

external jugular vein then the external jugular vein will terminate in the subclavian

76
Q

which jugular vein runs in the carotid sheath?

A

internal jugular vein

77
Q

where does external jugular vein run ?

A

superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Terminate in the subclavian vein in the investing fascia in the posterior triangle

Anterior jugular vein empties in the external jugular vein

anatomyyyy y2s1 (12 decks)

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