internal ft of the heart

Question 1

what does the right atrium forms?

Answer 1

right surface

right border

Question 2

the auricle has a ……….. inner wall and crenated outer margin?

Answer 2

rough

Question 3

inside the right atrium which wall is rough and which one is smooth?

Answer 3

anterior part is rough

posterior wall is smooth

Question 4

why is the anterior part rough?

Answer 4

because it has pectinus muscle and it originates from the right horn of sinus venouses

Question 5

why is the posterior wall smooth?

Answer 5

because its mainly composed of openings that empty into it.

Question 6

what are the openings that empty on the right atrium?

Answer 6

• SVC
  -IVC
  -CORONARY SINUS
  -VEINS
  -VENAE CORDI MINIMI
  -FOSSA OVALIS
  -LIMBUS OF FOSSA OVALIS

Question 7

whats sulcus terminalis ?

Answer 7

vertical groove that connects the vena cava from OUTSIDE

Question 8

whats crista terminalis?

Answer 8

its like sulcus terminalis connecting the vena cavas BUT FROM INSIDE and it also separates the smooth area from the rough

Question 9

from what does the fosa ovalis originate from?

Answer 9

septum primum

Question 10

from what does the annulus ovalis /limbus of ovale originate from?

Answer 10

septum secondum

Question 11

at what level is the superior vena cava?

Answer 11

3rd costal cartilage ( pulmonary valve is the same )

Question 12

does the superior vena cava have valve?

Answer 12

no because the gravity does the work

Question 13

at what level is the inferior vena cava ?

Answer 13

6th costal cartilage (point c )

Question 14

does IVC have a valve?

Answer 14

yes smalll rudimentary valve

Question 15

does the coronary sinus have a valve?

Answer 15

yes tricuspid valve called valve of coronary sinus

Question 16

what pathologies could the rough anterior surface cause?

Answer 16

1- Auricular fibrillation

2- pulmonary embolism

Question 17

what does the left atrium form?

Answer 17

1- base of the heart ( along with the right atrium )
2- upper border of the heart ( along the RA )

Question 18

what does the left atrium consist of ?

Answer 18

1- cavity
2- left auricle

Question 19

what separates the left atrium from the esophagus from behind?

Answer 19

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium

Question 20

what represents the rough part of the left atrium

Answer 20

auricle

Question 21

what represent the smooths part of the left atrium

Answer 21

everything but the auricle

Question 22

whats special about the wall of the left atrium?

Answer 22

slightly thicker than the right

Question 23

what are the openings /orifices in LA?

Answer 23

1- Mitral orifice and valve

2- 4 pulmonary veins

3- vena cordis minimi ( less amount compared to the RIGHT A )

Question 24

what sign you can find on the interatrial wall in the left atrium side

Answer 24

valve of the fossa ovalis

Question 25

what does the right ventricle form?

Answer 25

1- inferior border of the heart 2- 2/3 of sternocostal surface 3- 1/3 of diaphragmatic surface

Question 26

whats the rough part of the right ventricle?

Answer 26

in the inflowing part

Question 27

whats the smooth part of the right ventricle?

Answer 27

the outflowing part

Question 28

whats name of the outflowing/smooth part of the right ventricle

Answer 28

infandibulum

Question 29

where does the infadibulum originate from?

Answer 29

cordus bulbus

Question 30

whats the supraventricular crest?

Answer 30

muscular ridge that separates the inflowing and outflowing part ( Tricuspid and pulmonary orifices )

Question 31

what makes the rough inflowing part rough?

Answer 31

muscular projections --> trabeculae carnae presence of papillary muscles and chordea tendina

Question 32

whats special trabeculae carnea muscle is present in RV?

Answer 32

septomarginal trabcuae carnea AKA MODERATOR BAND

Question 33

whats the function of septomarginal trabeculae carnea/moderator band ?

Answer 33

prevent the heart from overfilling

Question 34

how many papillary muscles do we have in the right ventricle?

Answer 34

3 because the its tricuspid valve anterior posterior septum part

Question 35

where does the outflowing part lies in relation to the supraventricular crest?

Answer 35

outflowing --> smooth --> infundibulum is ABOVEEE inflowing --> rought is BELOOWWW

Question 36

what does the left ventricle form?

Answer 36

1- APEX 2- MAJORITY OF THE DIAPHRAGMTIC SURFACE 3- 1/3 OF THE STERNOCSOTAL SURFACE 4-LEFT BORDER along with the left auricle 5- Left surface along with auricle 6-1/3 of inferior border

Question 37

whats the smooth and whats rough?

Answer 37

like RV : inflowing -- rough outflowing ----> SMOOTH

Question 38

whats the name of the outflowing smooth surface?

Answer 38

vestibular

Question 39

whats the difference between in walls?

Answer 39

the walls of the LV are 3x thicker than right ventricle

Question 40

whats the shape of the wall when cross sectioned?

Answer 40

circular RV is crescent

Question 41

what makes the inflowing part rough ?

Answer 41

like RV : trabeculae carnea papillary muscles and chordea tendinae

Question 42

how many papillary muscles do we have in left ventricle?

Answer 42

2 papillary muscle cuz the valve is only 2 cusps anterior posterior

Question 43

what does the RV have that the LV doesnt have?

Answer 43

Supraventricular crest septomarginal trabecaue carnea AKA MODERATOR BAND

Question 44

why doesnt LV have supraventricular crest?

Answer 44

because the wall is soo thick theres not enough space

Question 45

whats smooth outflowing part of the left ventricle ( vestibular )

Answer 45

fibrous tissue