internal ft of the heart Flashcards
what does the right atrium forms?
right surface
right border
the auricle has a ……….. inner wall and crenated outer margin?
rough
inside the right atrium which wall is rough and which one is smooth?
anterior part is rough
posterior wall is smooth
why is the anterior part rough?
because it has pectinus muscle and it originates from the right horn of sinus venouses
why is the posterior wall smooth?
because its mainly composed of openings that empty into it.
what are the openings that empty on the right atrium?
- SVC
-IVC
-CORONARY SINUS
-VEINS
-VENAE CORDI MINIMI
-FOSSA OVALIS
-LIMBUS OF FOSSA OVALIS
whats sulcus terminalis ?
vertical groove that connects the vena cava from OUTSIDE
whats crista terminalis?
its like sulcus terminalis connecting the vena cavas BUT FROM INSIDE and it also separates the smooth area from the rough
from what does the fosa ovalis originate from?
septum primum
from what does the annulus ovalis /limbus of ovale originate from?
septum secondum
at what level is the superior vena cava?
3rd costal cartilage ( pulmonary valve is the same )
does the superior vena cava have valve?
no because the gravity does the work
at what level is the inferior vena cava ?
6th costal cartilage (point c )
does IVC have a valve?
yes smalll rudimentary valve
does the coronary sinus have a valve?
yes tricuspid valve called valve of coronary sinus
what pathologies could the rough anterior surface cause?
1- Auricular fibrillation
2- pulmonary embolism
what does the left atrium form?
1- base of the heart ( along with the right atrium )
2- upper border of the heart ( along the RA )
what does the left atrium consist of ?
1- cavity
2- left auricle
what separates the left atrium from the esophagus from behind?
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
what represents the rough part of the left atrium
auricle
what represent the smooths part of the left atrium
everything but the auricle
whats special about the wall of the left atrium?
slightly thicker than the right
what are the openings /orifices in LA?
1- Mitral orifice and valve
2- 4 pulmonary veins
3- vena cordis minimi ( less amount compared to the RIGHT A )
what sign you can find on the interatrial wall in the left atrium side
valve of the fossa ovalis
what does the right ventricle form?
1- inferior border of the heart
2- 2/3 of sternocostal surface
3- 1/3 of diaphragmatic surface
whats the rough part of the right ventricle?
in the inflowing part
whats the smooth part of the right ventricle?
the outflowing part
whats name of the outflowing/smooth part of the right ventricle
infandibulum
where does the infadibulum originate from?
cordus bulbus
whats the supraventricular crest?
muscular ridge that separates the inflowing and outflowing part ( Tricuspid and pulmonary orifices )
what makes the rough inflowing part rough?
muscular projections –> trabeculae carnae
presence of papillary muscles and chordea tendina
whats special trabeculae carnea muscle is present in RV?
septomarginal trabcuae carnea AKA MODERATOR BAND
whats the function of septomarginal trabeculae carnea/moderator band ?
prevent the heart from overfilling
how many papillary muscles do we have in the right ventricle?
3 because the its tricuspid valve
anterior
posterior
septum part
where does the outflowing part lies in relation to the supraventricular crest?
outflowing –> smooth –> infundibulum is ABOVEEE
inflowing –> rought is BELOOWWW
what does the left ventricle form?
1- APEX
2- MAJORITY OF THE DIAPHRAGMTIC SURFACE
3- 1/3 OF THE STERNOCSOTAL SURFACE
4-LEFT BORDER along with the left auricle
5- Left surface along with auricle
6-1/3 of inferior border
whats the smooth and whats rough?
like RV :
inflowing – rough
outflowing —-> SMOOTH
whats the name of the outflowing smooth surface?
vestibular
whats the difference between in walls?
the walls of the LV are 3x thicker than right ventricle
whats the shape of the wall when cross sectioned?
circular
RV is crescent
what makes the inflowing part rough ?
like RV :
trabeculae carnea
papillary muscles and chordea tendinae
how many papillary muscles do we have in left ventricle?
2 papillary muscle cuz the valve is only 2 cusps
anterior
posterior
what does the RV have that the LV doesnt have?
Supraventricular crest
septomarginal trabecaue carnea AKA MODERATOR BAND
why doesnt LV have supraventricular crest?
because the wall is soo thick theres not enough space
whats smooth outflowing part of the left ventricle ( vestibular )
fibrous tissue
