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anatomyyyy y2s1 > adrenal gland > Flashcards

adrenal gland Flashcards

1
Q

describe the appearance of adrenal gland?

A

yellowish retro peritoneal organs

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2
Q

what is the level of adrenal glands?

A

Thoracic vertebrae 11

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3
Q

where do they lie on?

A

Superio medially on the UPPER POLE of each kidney

we have upper pole and lower pole of the kidneys

we have 2 kidneys and 2 adrenal glands

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4
Q

what is the shape of the right gland?

A

triangular shape

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5
Q

what is the shape of the left gland?

A

semi lunar shape –> half moon

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6
Q

in which cavity are the adrenal glands located?

A

peritoneal cavity ( RETROOO )

Behind the peritoneal cavity

since they are behind they dont get covering from the peritoneum

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7
Q

what surrounds both the kidney and the adrenal gland ?

A

Fascial sheath called Renal fascia

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8
Q

describe the renal fascia?

A

Condensation of connective tissue around the kidney that will form the kidneys TRUE CAPSULE

the renal fascia will surround the kidneys then it will enclose the adrenal gland

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9
Q

what is found between the renal fascia and the kidneys?

A

perinephric fat

this fat will provide extra protection for the kidneys inside the fascia

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10
Q

what is paranephric fat?

A

fat located around outside the fascia to provide extra protection so it goes like this

Paranephric –> Renal fascia —-> perinephric fat —> kidney

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11
Q

what type of sagittal sections we have to take to see the kidneys?

A

parasagittal because the kidneys are on the sides not the middle

the parasagittal section will show the kidney, posterior abdominal muscles + ribs

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12
Q

where is the renal fascia attached to?

A

the renal fascia once it encloses the adrenal gland it will go the diaphragm and attach to the CRURA OF THE DIAPHGRAM

if someone loses fat the whole kidney will go down except adrenal gland cuz its attached to the Diaphragm

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13
Q

which kidney has its anterior relation divided into superior and inferior?

A

left adrenal gland

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14
Q

why is it left adrenal gland anterior relation divided into superior and inferior

A

because of the stomach and the pancreas divide the anterior part of the kidney into superior and inferior

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15
Q

what lies anteriorly to the right adrenal gland ( triangular )?

A

Liver

Inferior vena cava

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16
Q

what lies posteriorly to the right adrenal gland ( triangular )?

A

diaphragm

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17
Q

what lies medially to the right adrenal gland ( triangular )?

A

Inferior vena cava

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18
Q

what lies supero anteriorly to the left adrenal gland ( semilunar )?

A

stomach

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19
Q

what lies inferior anteriorly to the left adrenal gland ( semi lunar )?

A

Pancreas + splenic vessels

splenic vessels because the pancreas tail will end with the hilum of the spleen

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20
Q

what lies posteriorly to the left adrenal gland ( semilunar )?

A

diaphragm

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21
Q

what lies medially to the left adrenal gland ( semilunar ) ?

A

descending aorta

22
Q

what are the components of the adrenal gland ?

A

Cortex —> 80-90% of the whole gland

Medulla —-> 10% of the whole gland

23
Q

what is the embryonic origin of the outer cortex?

A

Mesodermal origin

24
Q

what is the embryonic origin of the outer medulla?

A

Neuroectodermal —> NEURAL CREST CELLS

25
Q

what else do the neural crest cells give origin to?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion

26
Q

using the other descendent of neural crest cells what can we call the cells of the adrenal medulla?

A

Modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons

THAT LOST THEIR AXONS AND DENDRITES DURING DEVELOPMENT AND BECAME SECRETORY CELLS

27
Q

what is the relation between the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla?

A

developmentally
structurally
Functionally different from each others

2 SEPEARATE ENDOCRINE GLANDS

28
Q

what is the artery superior to the adrenal gland and supplies it?

A

Inferior phrenic artery —> FIRST BRANCH OF ADBOMINAL AORTA

29
Q

what is the artery in middle of the adrenal gland and supplies it ?

A

aortic aorta

30
Q

what is the artery inferior to adrenal gland and supplies it ?

A

Renal artery

31
Q

what is the vein that comes out from the RIGHT TRIANGULAR ADRENAL GLAND?

A

right suprarenal vein

32
Q

where does the right suprarenal gland drain into?

A

IVC

33
Q

what is the vein that comes out from the left semi lunar adrenal gland ?

A

left suprarenal vein

34
Q

where does the left suprarenal vein drain into to?

A

Left renal vein

35
Q

which vessel you should ligate first before doing a surgery around the adrenal gland region and why ?

A

the right suprarenal vein which directly drain into IVC

because it is very thin and small and will cut with MINIMAL EFFORRT

36
Q

what do we have to consider before doing surgery on adrenal gland ?

A

the vessels should be ligated cuz if not it will release all the hormones into the blood destabilizing the patient

37
Q

what is the nerve supply of the adrenal cortex?

A

Vasomotor innervation

only affect the diameter of the vessels entering and leaving the gland

38
Q

what is the nerve supply of the adrenal medulla?

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers

from T10 to L1

39
Q

from where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from ?

A

lateral horn of gray matter

from T10 TO L1

40
Q

where do the preganglionic fibers terminate in the adrenal medulla?

A

chromaffin cells

41
Q

describe the pathway of nerve supply of the adrenal medulla?

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lateral horn of gray matter ——–> Pass through sympathetic chain ————–> Celiac ganglion ———–> celiac plexus —-> chromaffin cells of the medulla

42
Q

where do the lymph vessels of the adrenal gland drain ?

A

para aortic nodes –> lymph nodes on the sides of the aorta

43
Q

what are the 3 layers of the cortex of the adrenal gland ?

A

Capsule

Zona glomerulosa —> circular shaped cells

Zona fasciculata —> long columnar like cells

Zona reticularis —> scattered worm like

44
Q

what type of cells make up the cortex?

A

epithelial columnar

45
Q

where is the main drainage vein of the adrenal gland located?

A

at the medulla aand it sends branches up to the cortex

46
Q

where is the artery of the adrenal gland located?

A

cortex and sends branches to the medulla

47
Q

what are the hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?

A

corticosteroids

48
Q

what are the classifications of corticosteroids ?

A

mineralocorticoids —> aldosterone

glucocorticoids —-> cortisol

gonadocorticoids —> androgens

49
Q

describe the zona glomerulosa ?

A

columnar cells arranged in glomer shape

surrounded by capillaries

secrete aldosterone

50
Q

describe zona fasciculata ?

A

polyhedral cells arranged in one or two thick vertical columns

capillaries between the columns

secrete cortisol

51
Q

describe zona reticularis?

A

irregular arranged worm shaped cells

secrete androgens

52
Q

what is the content of the medulla?

A

chromaffin cells

profuse capillaries

anatomyyyy y2s1 (12 decks)

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