Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomyyyy y2s1 > external ft of the heart > Flashcards

external ft of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

whats the shape of the heart?

A

conical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the four borders of the heart?

A

upper
lower
right
left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 4 surfaces of the heart?

A

sternocostal
diaphragmatic
left
right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 things that werent mentioned until now

A

apex
base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Apex of the heart where its direct?

A

downward and forward ( like which intercostal muscle )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the apex is mainly formed by what?

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats the anatomical position of the apex

A

left 5th intercostal space 3.5 inches from the median plane
- midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what overlaps the apex of the heart?

A

left pleura and lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

base of the heart is directed where?

A

backward and to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what mainly forms the base of the heart?

A

left atrium and little bit by right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the base of heart lies oppositely to what?

A

T5 -T8

in standing position its T6-T9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what lies posteriorly to the base of the heart?

A

Right pulmonary vein

esophagus

descending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what limits the base of the heart inferiorly?

A

coronary groove containing the coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what forms majority of the upper border of the heart?

A

formed by the 2 atrium but mainly the LEFT ATRIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what hides the upper border of the heart?

A

pulmonary trunk
ascending aorta
superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what mainly forms the right border of the heart?

A

the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what mainly forms the left border of the heart?

A

left ventricle and part of the left auricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what mainly forms the lower border?

A

right ventricle and some of the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what divides the sternocostal surfacE?

A

its divided into atrial and ventricular portions by the CORONARY GROOVE

Atrium is ABOVE

Ventricular is below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what forms the atrial portion of the sternocostal surface?

A

right atrium

left auricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what hides the left atrium is hidden by what in the sternocostal surface?

A

pulmonary trunk

Ascending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what forms the ventricular portion of the sternocostal surface?

A

1/3 left ventricle

2/3 right ventricle

both are divided by the anterior interventricular groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

wheres the diaphragmatic surface directed?

A

directed downward and backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what forms the diaphragmatic surfaces?

A

formed by both ventricles mainly the left one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what divides the diaphragmatic surfaces?

A

posterior of interventricular groove

26
Q

whats is the diaphragmatic surface related to?

A

central tendon of the diaphragm

left cupola of the diaphragm

27
Q

what mainly forms the left surface?

A

left ventricle mainly

left atrium little bit

28
Q

whats left surface related to?

A

pericardium
left phrenic nerve
left pericardiophrenic vessels

29
Q

whats mianly form the right sruface?

A

right atrium

30
Q

whats the left surface related to?

A

peridcardium

right phrenic nerve

right pericardiophrenic vessel

31
Q

what are the grooves of the heart?

A

1- atrioventricular groove aka coronary groove
2- interatrial groove between the atriums
3- posterior interventricular groove
4- anterior interventricular groove?

32
Q

describe the coronary groove? and what passes through it?

A

circular groove around the heart separating ventricles and atriums and has the coronary sinus and right and left coronary arteries they anastomoses in it too

33
Q

describe posterior interventricular groove?

A

its on the diaphragmtic surface dividing left and right ventricles

34
Q

what runs in posterior interventricular groove?

A

1- posterior descending ( posterior interventricular artery ) which comes from the right coronary artery

2- middle cardiac vein

35
Q

describe the anterior interventricular groove?

A

its on the sternocostal surface on the ventricular portion dividing it into left and right ventricle?

36
Q

what runs in the anterior interventricular groove?

A

anterior descending ( anterior interventricular artery ) which comes from the left coronary artery

2- great cardiac vein

37
Q

whats the name of the fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart?

A

pericardium

peri around

cardium - heart

38
Q

whats the pericardium divided to?

A

fibrous pericardium –>outer

serous pericardium –> inner

39
Q

describe fibrous pericardium?

A

strong outer layer

40
Q

what does the fibrous pericardium fuses with ?

A

walls of the great vessels superiorly

  • central tendon of the diaphragm inferiorly
  • anteriorly to the sternum via sternopericardial ligaments
41
Q

whats the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

prevent overfilling of the heart.

42
Q

whats the serous pericardium?

A

2 layers enclosed within fibrous pericardium

43
Q

what type of cell forms the serous pericardium?

A

mesothelial layer –> simple squamous epithelium

44
Q

what does the serous pericardium reflect onto?

A

roots of the great vessels

45
Q

what does the serous pericardium consist of?

A

Parietal layer –> outer

visceral layer or the epicardium –> inner

THEY ARE CONTINUOUS

46
Q

whats the parietal layer adherent to?

A

fibrous pericardium

47
Q

whats the epicardium ( visceral ) layer adherent too?

A

the heart itself

48
Q

whats the cavity between parietal layer and visceral

A

pericardial cavity and it has serous fluid

49
Q

whats the function of serous fluid?

A

prevent friction between the layers during contraction of the heart

50
Q

what happens in pericarditis

A

decreased fluid that lead to friction and inflammation

51
Q

whats pericardial effusion and whats the difference between it and peridcardial tamponade?

A

pericardial effusion is increased serous fluid

tamponade is when the increased fluid causes restrictive movement

52
Q

what is pericardiocentesis?

A

procedure where doctor insert a needle to the pericardial cavity to withdraw fluid

53
Q

where do they insert the needle in pericardiocentesis?

A

1- below the xiphisternum in left costoxiphoid angle

2- 4th and 5th LEFT intercostal space

54
Q

what are the 2 sinus of the heart?

A

transverse sinus

oblique sinus

55
Q

whats transverse sinus?

A

hole that passes in front of the superior vena cava and BEHIND the aorta and pulmonary trunk

56
Q

whats the significance of transverse sinus

A

ligature in heart procedures

57
Q

where is the oblique sinus?

A

located behind the heart

58
Q

where does it lie?

A

right and left pulmonary veins and below the vena cava

between the pulmonary veins

posteriorly related to the esophagus

59
Q

whats the nerve supply of the heart ?

A

somatic and autonomic

60
Q

wheres the somatic supply of the heart and what nerve it is?

A

somatic is on the fibrous and parietal pericardium and its by the PHRENIC NERVE

61
Q

where does the autonomic nerve supply of the heart? and what nerve

A

autonomic supply the visceral pericardium and its by 2 :

Vagus nerve –> parasympathetic

sympathetic trunk

62
Q

how is pain referred to to arm and jaw?

A

the lateral cutaneous branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve FROM T2 continue as the intercostobrachial nerve and enter the arm and communicate with the median nerve

anatomyyyy y2s1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions