Piliavin Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the nickname for the study?

A

The Good Samaritan Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the background to the study?

A

Kitty Genovese was murdered by a man at night, people heard her screams but nobody helped her or called the police.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does bystander behaviour mean?

A

What people do when watching an emergency situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does bystander apathy mean?

A

The bystander doesn’t really care about what is happening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility?

A

Less likely to take responsibility when others are present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is your pluralistic ignorance?

A

Majority of group members privately reject the norm, assume incorrectly that others accept it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cost-benefit analysis?

A

What are the benefits/costs of helping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is attribution effect?

A

Explain the cause of a behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is altruistic behaviour?

A

Doing for others without expectation/reward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Darley & Latane do in their experiments?

A

Woman falls off chair in next room, epileptic seizure, smoke room studies.
Found people are more likely to be a good samaritan if they observed someone else behave in a prosocial manner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the similarities between Darley & Latane and Milgram?

A

Pre-recorded sections (seizure/screams)
Lab experiments (high levels of control)
Ethics (deception & distress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the aims?

A
  • To test bystander behaviour/apathy in a real life setting.
  • To see the effect of (IV) on helping behaviour.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the research methods used?

A

Field experiment using observational techniques, independent measures, snapshot study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were the main IV’s?

A

Type of victim (drunk/cane)
Race of the victim (black/white)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What were the additional IV’s?

A

Impact of modelling (intervene/not intervene)
Group size (large/small)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the DV’s?

A

Number of people who helped
Time taken to help
Gender, race, location of helpers
Whether people moved away
Any comments made

17
Q

What was the sample?

A

Estimated 4450 travellers on train
45% black and 55% white
Average number in each carriage - 43
Average number in critical area - 8.5

18
Q

What sampling method was used?

A

Opportunity sampling (not biased, didn’t know anyone on the train)

19
Q

How many researchers were there?

A

16 researchers, 4 per group (2 male, 2 female), always in the same groups and roles.

20
Q

What roles did the males/females always play?

A

Males were always the victim & model, females were always observers.

21
Q

What did the victims look like?

A

Victims were dressed casually, 3 white & 1 black, 26-35 years old.

22
Q

How many trials occurred and when?

A

There were 103 trials, between 11am and 3 pm, 15th April to 26th June 1968, 7 1/2 min journey.

23
Q

How were the researchers spread on the train?

A

Boarded train using different doors, each team varied the location, females sat outside critical area & recorded data. Model & victim stayed standing, victim stood next to pole in centre of critical area.

24
Q

When did the models help?

A

Critical area - early = 70 seconds
Critical area - late = 150 seconds
Adjacent area - early = 70 seconds
Adjacent area - late = 150 seconds

25
Q

What types of data were created?

A

Quantitive & qualitative data - mixed methods.

26
Q

What was the quan data produced?

A
  • number of helpers & speed at which they helped
  • race, gender, location of helpers
  • anyone moved out of critical areas
27
Q

What was the qual data produced?

A
  • comments made by passengers
28
Q

What were some results of the drunk/cane condition?

A
  • cane were helped 95% of the time
  • drunk were helped 50% of the time
  • In 60% of the trials, help was given by 2+ helpers
  • help was offered faster in the cane condition than the drunk
29
Q

What were some results of the race & gender condition?

A
  • if the victim was black, they received less help, less quickly than if the victim was white (especially in the drunk condition)
  • a white person was more likely to help a white victim than a black victim in the drunk condition
    -males were more helpful -> 90% of the first helpers were males (more male ppts & victims were male)
30
Q

What were some results for the modelling condition?

A
  • if the model intervened early, more people helped the victim
  • small amount of data -> victims were already helped before model stepped in
31
Q

What were some results for the group size condition?

A
  • if there was more passengers in the immediate vicinity, the more likely it would be for help to be given
  • found the reverse of Darley + Latane -> diffusion of responsibility not found (lab experiment -> no. of helpers counterbalanced), helpers could see the victim
32
Q

What were some results for the comments made?

A
  • more comments were made in the drunk condition than the cane
  • most comments were made when help was given within 70 seconds
  • many women made comments
    -> ‘it’s for men to help him’ ‘i never saw this kind of thing before - i don’t know where to look’ ‘you feel so bad when you don’t know what to do’
33
Q

What were some conclusions made?

A
  • Someone who appears drunk will get less help than someone who appears ill
  • With a male victim & public helping situation, men were more likely to get help
  • No diffusion of responsibility was found
  • Same race helping occurs more when victim was drunk
  • Results explained using cost-benefit analysis
34
Q

What did findings tell us about human behaviour?

A
  • Contradicts previous lab research - provides useful, valid information
  • Realistic setting & large sample - reflects what happens in real life
  • Explains many emergency situations