Pilgrimage Of Grace PART 2 Flashcards
What was the reformation movement fuelled by
Martin Luther’s translated bible into German and criticised church for selling indulgences in 1517
Réformation aimed to reform Catholic Church as …
- the churches wealth (from indulgences)
-church’s influence in society
Why did Henry agree with the reformation
- Saw Pope as a competing power who had an influence on England
- Wanted divorce from Catherine of Aragon however Pope would not allow it
- Would not have to pay taxes to Pope
1534
Henry VIII made himself head of the Church of England with the Act of supremacy
What problems did Henry face ?
Despite being head of church and not sending taxes to Pope Henry was still spending too much money
- conflict with people angered catholics in other countries which made people fear an invasion
1536
DISSOLUTION OF MONASTERIES
Thomas Cromwell Henry’s advisor promised him he would make him the richest man in Europe
- monasteries controlled a 1/4 of the land and had an annual income £200,000 double of the king
Valour Ecclesiasticus
Thomas Cromwell would send inspectors to monasteries to write reports if they are portrayed in a positive light he rewrites them
Why were people unhappy about changes to church ?
4
RISING PRICES-prices normally stayed the same every year but with Henry they increased
CHANGES TO RELIGION -people disliked changes and wanted monasteries back
LANDOWNERS LOST INFLUENCE-
Many landowners who had been advisors to King had felt they lost influence as they fell out of favour of king as they were supporters of Catherine of Aragon
CROMWELLS POWER- son of blacksmith landowners felt he had too much influence
Economic causes of the pilgrimage of grace
Gentry (medium landowners) objected to higher taxation
- poor harvests in 1535 and 1536 had affected peasants most
- peasants expected to pay higher tax on how many cattle they owned as well as Gresham ( tenancy fee)
Political causes (3)
- common land was enclosed so peasants could no longer farm
- nobles and gentry wanted more regional independence + more power to King’s council of north
- rebels swore to protect King Henry VIII and his heirs but wanted to get rid of ‘bad advisors ‘ eg Thomas Cromwell
Religious causes (5)
- rumours of further religious changes such as Cromwell would destroy churches and leave one very 5 miles circulated
- leader of rebellion Robert Aske made religion the centrepoint
- objection to dissolution of monasteries as in the north monasteries helped the poor so northern Reno’s reinstates houses such as Carmel and coins head
- Commoners upset about changes to traditional religious community
- many rebel’s loyal to Catholic Church and Henry’s reforma terrified them
1536 Lincolnshire revolt
Lincolnshire revolt
- rumours circulated eg Thomas Cromwell church every 5 miles
- rebels captured Kings commissioners and forced to write to Henry outlining grievances ( Lincoln articles)
- king sends army and rebel’s disperse
- 100 death sentences 57 actually carried out including lord Hussey and monks of Louth abbey
Rebellion in Yorkshire demands 1536
Leader Robert aske assured they were not going against king as fear of new law stating going against reforms was treason
- restore monasteries in north as were not as corrupt
- recognise pope as head of church
- dismiss Thomas Cromwell and other ‘bad ministers
What meant the rebellion was clearly religiously motivated ?
Banner that they carried had 5 wounds of Christ
Beginning of pilgrimage /1/
Robert asked marches on York with 30000 men with grievances similar to Lincolnshire revolt
- declare mary legitimate
- remove Cromwell
- reduce food prices
What did they swear to
/2/
Pilgrims oath defend and maintain church
/3/
Revel take over most of north and potefract castle surrenders and lord darcy joins rebels
- kings army ( catholic duke of Norfolk) met rebels at Doncaster bridge and promises to send demands to king just buying time as his army was 8000 and pilgrims were 30,000
/4/
Henry VIII agrees to pardons and parliament in York just to but time and aske spends xmas with Henry ‘you aka what you desire and I will grant it ‘
/5/ 1537
Revolt breaks out in Beverly and Henry threatens to excuse and tear up pardon
- Sends duke of Norfolk north as rebellion in Carlisle
- 74 executed aske Ganges and Lord darcy killed
Impacts of pilgrimage
religous
Religious
- in 1539 many larger monasteries dissolved failed to stop dissolution
Long term impacts
Influenced guy Fawkes gains James I big 1605
economic impacts
- landowners brought monastery land
- economy improved with money from monasteries and Henry able to develop navy
political impacts
- Henry strengthened council of north
- Cromwell eventually fell out of Henry’s favour and executed in 1540
- no more rebellion in Henry’s reign
why were people unhappy about Henry’s changes to the Church?
-rising prices
-tithes and church taxes usually stayed the awe every year but with Henry they increased
why were people unhappy about Henry’s changes to the Church?
-changes to religion
-people disliked changed to the Church and wanted monasteries back
why were people unhappy about Henry’s changes to the Church?
-landowners lost influence
-many landowners who had been advisors to the King fell out of favour after divorce as they had been supporters of Cathrin of Aragon
why were people unhappy about Henry’s changes to the Church?
-Cromwell’s power
- cromwell was the main influence of new religious policies and the divorce from Catherine
- -> son of blacksmith so landowners did not see him as good enough to advise a King
short term overall
long term overall
not significant in short term but grew in the long term to influence others
