english Civil War PART 2 Flashcards
Providence
Gods intervention in the world people who believe the something is divine providence believe god wanted it to happen
1642
Nottingham Charles declares war on parliament
Cavaliers
Royalists
- wealthylandowners supported king as they did not want to lose wealth
- north
- catholic’s
Roundheads
Parliamentarians -mainly from London and south due to growing merchant class who did the not support the taxes and religious
James I
- King 1603
- England and Scotland
- divine right of kings spent money freely
- tensions with parliament as they refused to fund him
- successful religious policies
Charles I
- 1625
- divine right of kings
- 1629-1640 rule of tyranny
Political causes
Rule of tyranny 1629 11 yrs
- 1642 Grand remonstrance parliamentpresents Charles a list of demands in response Charles arrests 5 Mps proved tyrant
- tensions in parliament as 1637 chip tax introduced usually only pause by coastal towns now by everyone parliament get Charles could become financially independent
Economic causes
- ship tax 1637 usually only paid by coastal towns now he everyone to fun Charles lavish lifestyle
- parliament concerned he could rule without them
- no John Hamite objected and taken to court
Religious causes
- 1000s of protestants killed Ireland 1640 by catholics people concerned Charles uplifted as parliament had to take control of army
- Charles married french Catholic princess Henrietta Maria 1625 angered many puritans in parliament as they were scared of her influence she became advisor in 1628
- Protestants feared catholic’s due to gunpowder plot 1605
- famous cases go Protestants who wanted to reverse changes of laudiam reforms were prynne bastwick and burton who wrote a pamphlet criticising church and tried in star chamber ( equivalent of parliament during rule of tyranny) ears cut off viewed a as heroes people dipped handkerchief in blood
- Charles introduces Laudian prayer book 1637 Scotland caused riots
Religious / political causes Scottish rebellion and convenanters
- Scottish has a Presbyterian church ( Protestant)
- 1637 king insisted everyone in Scotland follow new laudian prayer book which relied on the catechism
- riots at St Giles cathedral endinburgh
- 1638 signed agreement saying they would not accept changes named Covenanters Charles ends army and is defeated they invade England
1640 short parliament
Short parliament
-Charles needed money to defeat Scots
-parliament would pass on following conditions
—>no laws without permission
—->not raise taxes
——>stop laudian religious reforms
Charles refuses and dissolves after 4 weeks
November 1640
long parliament
Long parliament
-Charles agrees to demands for money to fight exist by 1641 many people believe it would fix unrest
1642 propaganda at the battle of edghill
Battle of Edgehill 1642
-king tried to take London but withdrew to oxford
-both sides used infantry and cavalry a technique seen before
Kings nephew Prince Rupert was one of prominent royalist commanders who had led many successful propaganda campaigns against parliament
-parliament release propaganda of him and his trusty dog boy he took to battle to portray him and the king as weak
1645 new model army
- Oliver Cromwell founds new model army
- not all parliamentarians wanted removal of monarch but just reform
- angered Cromwell
- knee battle of marathon moor 1644 could have been a fail
- recruited men on ability over privilege
- army discipline on strict religious and moral code no swearing or alchohol
- battle of naseby outnumbered kings army 14000 to 9000
- attacked form behind
- went into capture Bristol 1646
1647
-Charles surrendered to Scottish army who hands him to Cromwell and I prisoner for trial
What was Charles doing when imprisoned
2nd civil war
Writing to Scottish army to persuade them to raise an army and fight against Parliament for the promise of a presbyterian Church in England
1648 second civil war at the battle of Preston
Battle of Preston Cromwell defeats the Scots this proved Charles could not be trusted
1648
What parliament
- December 1648 Colonel Thomas Pride surrounded parliament and refused entry of those who supported the king
- actions became known as prices purge
- remaining members of parliament did not support king
Trial of Charles
Even Thomas Fairfax did not turn up but his wife did as she supported King
‘I tell you his head will be cut off with the crown upon it ‘
–>Charles would not admit to being guilty
-Charles bribes parliament had no right to act as judge, jury, or even charge the king for treason
-2nd day Court judge John Bradshaw wore a bulletproof hat and exchanged angry words with Charles
Charles finally found guilty of through witness statements…
- starting a war by trying to raise army in Nottingham
- approves of ill treatment go parliamentary forces during war
- plotting with his son to start another war whilst negotiating with parliament
27th jan 1649
Charles found guilty of treason and sentenced to death
-Bradshaw said Charles Shad not done his duty by calling regular parliaments and attaching the basic liberties of his country
WHITEHALL
-King had to wait hours partly due to executioners too scared to turn up and also Parliament had to pass a new legislation stating that no new monarch could be installed on the Kings Death
Short term Impacts
PARTIALLY SIGNIFICANT
- proved divine right of kings did not apply due to providence
- first time the people proved power over king
- 1660 Charles reinstated
Long term impacts
VERY SIGNIFICANT
- democracy kept even after return of monarchy in 1660 creating a more equal and just society
- monarch is not just ceremonial
- no monarch allowed in houses of commons due to arresting of 5 MPS
1653 —> 1658
commonwealth
-Cromwell becomes lord protector of England and produces coin with his head on it causing people to question his intentions
Positive views of Cromwell
- won wars against Dutch and Spanish and restored Britain’s reputation abroad
- introduces Navigation Act 1651 which stars that any ship coming in and out of England had to be British
- people get free to worship in anyway they wanted
Negative Views of Cromwell
- appointed major generals to 11 districts he created people resented them as they kept strict co trip over their aspects of life and even tried to stop Christmas celebrations
- levellers who wee a group who believed in equality were imprisoned and leaders were killed
- led siege in Drogheda Ireland took catholic’s land and killed women and children. Who even surrendered gave land to protestants to ensure he had protestant Allies ins Ireland
- made himself appear to be the king
Changes to Commonwealth
- many challenges emerged for. Religious and political radicalism never seen before
- levellers wanted a reform for political representation of them men who fought in the New Model Army
- Cromwell met with leader of levellers John Kilburn at out net debates 1647
- support soon decreased as lilburne imprisoned
- they also asked for monopolies on trade votes for all women and and women and end to church tithes
