english Civil War PART 2

Question 1

Providence

Answer 1

Gods intervention in the world people who believe the something is divine providence believe god wanted it to happen

Question 2

1642

Answer 2

Nottingham Charles declares war on parliament

Question 3

Cavaliers

Answer 3

Royalists

• wealthylandowners supported king as they did not want to lose wealth
• north
• catholic’s

Question 4

Roundheads

Answer 4

Parliamentarians 
-mainly from London and south due to growing merchant class who did the not support the taxes and religious

Question 5

James I

Answer 5

• King 1603
• England and Scotland
• divine right of kings spent money freely
• tensions with parliament as they refused to fund him
• successful religious policies

Question 6

Charles I

Answer 6

• 1625
• divine right of kings
• 1629-1640 rule of tyranny

Question 7

Political causes

Answer 7

Rule of tyranny 1629 11 yrs

• 1642 Grand remonstrance parliamentpresents Charles a list of demands in response Charles arrests 5 Mps proved tyrant
• tensions in parliament as 1637 chip tax introduced usually only pause by coastal towns now by everyone parliament get Charles could become financially independent

Question 8

Economic causes

Answer 8

• ship tax 1637 usually only paid by coastal towns now he everyone to fun Charles lavish lifestyle
• parliament concerned he could rule without them
• no John Hamite objected and taken to court

Question 9

Religious causes

Answer 9

• 1000s of protestants killed Ireland 1640 by catholics people concerned Charles uplifted as parliament had to take control of army
• Charles married french Catholic princess Henrietta Maria 1625 angered many puritans in parliament as they were scared of her influence she became advisor in 1628
• Protestants feared catholic’s due to gunpowder plot 1605
• famous cases go Protestants who wanted to reverse changes of laudiam reforms were prynne bastwick and burton who wrote a pamphlet criticising church and tried in star chamber ( equivalent of parliament during rule of tyranny) ears cut off viewed a as heroes people dipped handkerchief in blood
• Charles introduces Laudian prayer book 1637 Scotland caused riots

Question 10

Religious / political causes Scottish rebellion and convenanters

Answer 10

• Scottish has a Presbyterian church ( Protestant)
• 1637 king insisted everyone in Scotland follow new laudian prayer book which relied on the catechism
• riots at St Giles cathedral endinburgh
• 1638 signed agreement saying they would not accept changes named Covenanters Charles ends army and is defeated they invade England

Question 11

1640 short parliament

Answer 11

Short parliament
-Charles needed money to defeat Scots
-parliament would pass on following conditions
—>no laws without permission
—->not raise taxes
——>stop laudian religious reforms
Charles refuses and dissolves after 4 weeks

Question 12

November 1640

long parliament

Answer 12

Long parliament

-Charles agrees to demands for money to fight exist by 1641 many people believe it would fix unrest

Question 13

1642 propaganda at the battle of edghill

Answer 13

Battle of Edgehill 1642
-king tried to take London but withdrew to oxford
-both sides used infantry and cavalry a technique seen before
Kings nephew Prince Rupert was one of prominent royalist commanders who had led many successful propaganda campaigns against parliament
-parliament release propaganda of him and his trusty dog boy he took to battle to portray him and the king as weak

Question 14

1645 new model army

Answer 14

• Oliver Cromwell founds new model army
• not all parliamentarians wanted removal of monarch but just reform
• angered Cromwell
• knee battle of marathon moor 1644 could have been a fail
• recruited men on ability over privilege
• army discipline on strict religious and moral code no swearing or alchohol
• battle of naseby outnumbered kings army 14000 to 9000
• attacked form behind
• went into capture Bristol 1646

Question 15

1647

Answer 15

-Charles surrendered to Scottish army who hands him to Cromwell and I prisoner for trial

Question 16

What was Charles doing when imprisoned

2nd civil war

Answer 16

Writing to Scottish army to persuade them to raise an army and fight against Parliament for the promise of a presbyterian Church in England

Question 17

1648 second civil war at the battle of Preston

Answer 17

Battle of Preston Cromwell defeats the Scots this proved Charles could not be trusted

Question 18

1648

What parliament

Answer 18

• December 1648 Colonel Thomas Pride surrounded parliament and refused entry of those who supported the king
• actions became known as prices purge
• remaining members of parliament did not support king

Question 19

Trial of Charles

Answer 19

Even Thomas Fairfax did not turn up but his wife did as she supported King
‘I tell you his head will be cut off with the crown upon it ‘
–>Charles would not admit to being guilty
-Charles bribes parliament had no right to act as judge, jury, or even charge the king for treason
-2nd day Court judge John Bradshaw wore a bulletproof hat and exchanged angry words with Charles

Question 20

Charles finally found guilty of through witness statements…

Answer 20

• starting a war by trying to raise army in Nottingham
• approves of ill treatment go parliamentary forces during war
• plotting with his son to start another war whilst negotiating with parliament

Question 21

27th jan 1649

Answer 21

Charles found guilty of treason and sentenced to death
-Bradshaw said Charles Shad not done his duty by calling regular parliaments and attaching the basic liberties of his country
WHITEHALL
-King had to wait hours partly due to executioners too scared to turn up and also Parliament had to pass a new legislation stating that no new monarch could be installed on the Kings Death

Question 22

Short term Impacts

Answer 22

PARTIALLY SIGNIFICANT

• proved divine right of kings did not apply due to providence
• first time the people proved power over king
• 1660 Charles reinstated

Question 23

Long term impacts

Answer 23

VERY SIGNIFICANT

• democracy kept even after return of monarchy in 1660 creating a more equal and just society
• monarch is not just ceremonial
• no monarch allowed in houses of commons due to arresting of 5 MPS

Question 24

1653 —> 1658

commonwealth

Answer 24

-Cromwell becomes lord protector of England and produces coin with his head on it causing people to question his intentions

Question 25

Positive views of Cromwell

Answer 25

• won wars against Dutch and Spanish and restored Britain’s reputation abroad
• introduces Navigation Act 1651 which stars that any ship coming in and out of England had to be British
• people get free to worship in anyway they wanted

Question 26

Negative Views of Cromwell

Answer 26

• appointed major generals to 11 districts he created people resented them as they kept strict co trip over their aspects of life and even tried to stop Christmas celebrations
• levellers who wee a group who believed in equality were imprisoned and leaders were killed
• led siege in Drogheda Ireland took catholic’s land and killed women and children. Who even surrendered gave land to protestants to ensure he had protestant Allies ins Ireland
• made himself appear to be the king

Question 27

Changes to Commonwealth

Answer 27

• many challenges emerged for. Religious and political radicalism never seen before
• levellers wanted a reform for political representation of them men who fought in the New Model Army
• Cromwell met with leader of levellers John Kilburn at out net debates 1647
• support soon decreased as lilburne imprisoned
• they also asked for monopolies on trade votes for all women and and women and end to church tithes