PART 1 Simon De Montfort and Barons War Flashcards
steward
-person who managed the kings finances and estates, sometimes managed kings foreign interests
pious
someone who was deeply religious
autocrat
-ruler who holds all power
model parliament
- first parliament to represent what parliament looks like today including the houses of commons and Lourdes
- 1295 King Edward I calls model parliament in order to gain money to conquer Scotland and Wales
Who was Simon De Montfort
- 6th earl of Leicester 1239 - 1265
what Simon De Montfort do in 1229
-approach king Henry III and ask for land family had lost and agreed and made De Montfort his steward
Henry III background
- repeated the same mistakes as his father John I
- always short of money
- lost 2 major wars in France
Why did Henry III fall out with the Barons
- due to his pious nature and relationship with Church
- allowed the Church to influence how he ruled England which led to many financial problems for the king and Barons
Why did Henry III need the Barons
- 1254- he needed money to avoid being excommunicated by the Church
- Barons idd not support the Kings plan to raise taxes as he had lost land in France
- De Montfort soon became the kings spokesperson
what did De Montfort do in 1258 and what happened
- De Montfort called the Great Council meeting with the king
- in which he agreed to the Provisions of Oxford
What were the provisions of Oxford and why where they needed
- Barons set out to change the shape of royal control in England
- Under leadership of De Montfort they called a meeting against Henry
- Barons could now make decisions without Kings approval or presence
- King could not make decisions without approval of the Great council
The Provisions of Oxfords terms
- foreign members of royal household banished and all castles should be held by English men
- barons divided so king did not sign so Simon demontfort asked to lead army against king – Henry and his son captured after battle of lewes
Why did some barons dislike the provisions?
- older barons
- younger barons
//older barons// -eg Richard de Clare Earl of Gloucester felt changes were interfering with local interest //younger barons// -who were not elected to the great council felt that they had lost influence and unhappy that it gave people on a lower social scale more say
Provisions of Westminster
October 1259
- extended prov of Oxford
- reformed local government,ent and popular with less powerful in society
- barons unhappy that they were forced to accept reforms demanded by peasants
how did Henry III do to regain his power and what did Simon De Montfort do in retaliation / as a result
- 1261 henry wrote to Pope and asked to cancel provisions and the Pope confirmed that Henry was free from provisions
- henry elected his own men to the council and De Montfort fled to France in disgust
what happened after 3 years of King Henry’s rule
- Baorns became sick of him and sent for De Montfort
- De Montfort returned and started the second Barons War
Barons War
what happened 1264
Battle of Lewes De Montfort and men won and captured
Henry and his son Edward
-england on its way to becoming a republic
what did De Montfort do in power
- appointed a great council made up of his friends and allies but some barons were worried that he was too powerful
-reconfirmed Magna Carta and prov of Oxford
-barons who had supported
Henry wanted their old lives of power and influence back
what did Simon do in 1265 and why
- Simon called a meeting of the great council but this time invited burgesses, merchants and knights, from all over the country
- –>increased support he was lacking from the growing merchants class
- –>became known as the commons
battle of evesham
barons got support of Henry and Edward raised an army as they believed that De Montfort was ruling as an autocrat
-August 4th 1265 De Montfort died
significance/ importance of 2nd Barons war and De Montfort to government of England
- barons could now make decisions without the King
- De Montfort was the first person to allow commoners to be consulted the Great Council
- 1295 Edward I Model Parliament was not perfect as only elite selected
development of ideas
short term sig
- barons given more power than king (prov of ox)
- tenants empowered and voices heard (prov of west)
development of ideas
long term
- Edward learnt from De Montfort that he could not raise taxes without consulting people first
- important step towards later ideas of ‘NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATATION’
short term sig to different groups
//not really sig//
-de Montfort died
-not much as Henry returned and ruled without great council
-barons showed king Edward that they deserved a voice
-model parliament by Edward 1295 did not apply to peasants and villeins
//however//
-he did inspire king Edward and it did pave the way towards a democracy
long term
- De Montfort parliament (great council) was not perfect
- kings power was not successfully challenged until English revolution
importance as parliament had to approve taxes
- raised the principle that a King had to call Parliament to raise taxation
- when Edward created the Model Parliament in 1295 it was to ask the barons for money to conquer Scotland and Wales
importance as symbol of democracy
-simlarly to Magna Carta De Montfort parliament was a symbol of the democratic principles that were realised 100yrs later
importance as a martyr for freedom
-De Montfort believed that his duty was to stand fro unfair kingship and the way he died means that he was regarded as a martyr for freedom
essay points
-role of indivual-
-
role of indivual-
Simon was asked to lead an army against the King. It was his actions whilst as regent that developed Parliament.
