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History power And People Dates > PART 1 Simon De Montfort and Barons War > Flashcards

PART 1 Simon De Montfort and Barons War Flashcards

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1
Q

steward

A

-person who managed the kings finances and estates, sometimes managed kings foreign interests

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2
Q

pious

A

someone who was deeply religious

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3
Q

autocrat

A

-ruler who holds all power

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4
Q

model parliament

A
  • first parliament to represent what parliament looks like today including the houses of commons and Lourdes
  • 1295 King Edward I calls model parliament in order to gain money to conquer Scotland and Wales
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5
Q

Who was Simon De Montfort

A
  • 6th earl of Leicester 1239 - 1265
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6
Q

what Simon De Montfort do in 1229

A

-approach king Henry III and ask for land family had lost and agreed and made De Montfort his steward

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7
Q

Henry III background

A
  • repeated the same mistakes as his father John I
  • always short of money
  • lost 2 major wars in France
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8
Q

Why did Henry III fall out with the Barons

A
  • due to his pious nature and relationship with Church

- allowed the Church to influence how he ruled England which led to many financial problems for the king and Barons

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9
Q

Why did Henry III need the Barons

A
  • 1254- he needed money to avoid being excommunicated by the Church
  • Barons idd not support the Kings plan to raise taxes as he had lost land in France
  • De Montfort soon became the kings spokesperson
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10
Q

what did De Montfort do in 1258 and what happened

A
  • De Montfort called the Great Council meeting with the king
  • in which he agreed to the Provisions of Oxford
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11
Q

What were the provisions of Oxford and why where they needed

A
  • Barons set out to change the shape of royal control in England
  • Under leadership of De Montfort they called a meeting against Henry
  • Barons could now make decisions without Kings approval or presence
  • King could not make decisions without approval of the Great council
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12
Q

The Provisions of Oxfords terms

A
  • foreign members of royal household banished and all castles should be held by English men
  • barons divided so king did not sign so Simon demontfort asked to lead army against king – Henry and his son captured after battle of lewes
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13
Q

Why did some barons dislike the provisions?

  • older barons
  • younger barons
A 
//older barons//
-eg Richard de Clare Earl of Gloucester felt changes were interfering with local interest 
//younger barons//
-who were not elected to the great council felt that they had lost influence and unhappy that it gave people on a lower social scale more say
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14
Q

Provisions of Westminster

A

October 1259

  • extended prov of Oxford
  • reformed local government,ent and popular with less powerful in society
  • barons unhappy that they were forced to accept reforms demanded by peasants
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15
Q

how did Henry III do to regain his power and what did Simon De Montfort do in retaliation / as a result

A
  • 1261 henry wrote to Pope and asked to cancel provisions and the Pope confirmed that Henry was free from provisions
  • henry elected his own men to the council and De Montfort fled to France in disgust
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16
Q

what happened after 3 years of King Henry’s rule

A
  • Baorns became sick of him and sent for De Montfort

- De Montfort returned and started the second Barons War

17
Q

Barons War

what happened 1264

A

Battle of Lewes De Montfort and men won and captured
Henry and his son Edward
-england on its way to becoming a republic

18
Q

what did De Montfort do in power

A
  • appointed a great council made up of his friends and allies but some barons were worried that he was too powerful
    -reconfirmed Magna Carta and prov of Oxford
    -barons who had supported
    Henry wanted their old lives of power and influence back
19
Q

what did Simon do in 1265 and why

A
  • Simon called a meeting of the great council but this time invited burgesses, merchants and knights, from all over the country
  • –>increased support he was lacking from the growing merchants class
  • –>became known as the commons
20
Q

battle of evesham

A

barons got support of Henry and Edward raised an army as they believed that De Montfort was ruling as an autocrat
-August 4th 1265 De Montfort died

21
Q

significance/ importance of 2nd Barons war and De Montfort to government of England

A
  • barons could now make decisions without the King
  • De Montfort was the first person to allow commoners to be consulted the Great Council
  • 1295 Edward I Model Parliament was not perfect as only elite selected
22
Q

development of ideas

short term sig

A
  • barons given more power than king (prov of ox)

- tenants empowered and voices heard (prov of west)

23
Q

development of ideas

long term

A
  • Edward learnt from De Montfort that he could not raise taxes without consulting people first
  • important step towards later ideas of ‘NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATATION’
24
Q

short term sig to different groups

A

//not really sig//
-de Montfort died
-not much as Henry returned and ruled without great council
-barons showed king Edward that they deserved a voice
-model parliament by Edward 1295 did not apply to peasants and villeins
//however//
-he did inspire king Edward and it did pave the way towards a democracy

25
Q

long term

A
  • De Montfort parliament (great council) was not perfect

- kings power was not successfully challenged until English revolution

26
Q

importance as parliament had to approve taxes

A
  • raised the principle that a King had to call Parliament to raise taxation
  • when Edward created the Model Parliament in 1295 it was to ask the barons for money to conquer Scotland and Wales
27
Q

importance as symbol of democracy

A

-simlarly to Magna Carta De Montfort parliament was a symbol of the democratic principles that were realised 100yrs later

28
Q

importance as a martyr for freedom

A

-De Montfort believed that his duty was to stand fro unfair kingship and the way he died means that he was regarded as a martyr for freedom

29
Q

essay points
-role of indivual-
-

A

role of indivual-

Simon was asked to lead an army against the King. It was his actions whilst as regent that developed Parliament.

History power And People Dates (16 decks)

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