PART 1 Peasants Revolt 1381

Question 1

justice of peace

Answer 1

-local official who as appointed by the King and responsible for law and order

Question 2

hundred years war

Answer 2

-series of wars between England and France

Question 3

poll tax

Answer 3

-tax of a certain amount that all individuals of a certain age had to pay regardless of income

Question 4

pardon

Answer 4

act of forgiving a crime

Question 5

socialist

Answer 5

-person believing in the rights of the working class

Question 6

why was the stature of labourers 1351 introduced ?

-when did the black death arrive and how much of the population did it kill

Answer 6

• arrived in 1348

- killed about 1/3 of the population

Question 7

why was the stature of labourers 1351 introduced ?

-why couldn’t the feudal system cope with the population decrease

Answer 7

• surviving peasants could now choose who to work for and what price
• lords lost control

Question 8

what was the statute of labourers?

Answer 8

• 1351 introduced by King Edward III
• “every man and woman must work for those who want them and shall only receive the same wages as before the Black Death”
• angered peasants

Question 9

what happened between 1377 and 1379

Answer 9

-70% of cases brought to the justice system were of peasants accused of breaking the state of labourers

Question 10

what did King Richard II introduce in order to limit peasants power and money

Answer 10

• poll tax

- everyone had to pay the same amount no matter what they earnt

Question 11

Causes of the peasants revolt

social

Answer 11

• black death peasants died and they were in great demand
• peasants at bottom of feudal system wanted to remove corrupt landowners and evil priests
• priests scubas JohnBall and John Wycliff began preaching about how the Church was exploiting peasants by charging for sins and being rich with land and property

Question 12

Causes of the peasants revolt

economic

Answer 12

• unsuccessful 100 yrs war
• statute of labourers 1351 agreed peasants had to do more work for less money
• poll tax increased from 1 grout to 4 grouts due to 100yr was and John of Gaunt advised King Richard

Question 13

Causes of the peasants revolt

political

Answer 13

• priests such as John Wycliff and John Ball caused peasants to question the way the country was ruled
• peasants hated John of gaunt (kings advisor) as he was a hated landowner and King Richard was considered young and inexperienced (came to throne 1377)

Question 14

who led the revolt and who was a key supporter

Answer 14

• wat Tyler led

- Joh Ball a priest was a key supporter

Question 15

how did the revolt start

Answer 15

• peasants inspired by John. Ball – bible said no rich no poor
• Ricahrd II had Ball arrested

Question 16

events

-rebels in Essex may/June 1381

Answer 16

• peasants in Kent and Essex refused to pay taxes and threatened to kill tax collector John Bampton
• Chief Justice returns to village and is threatened by peasants
• beheaded Bamptons clerks

Question 17

events

-what happened at Maidstone June

Answer 17

• made wat Tyler leaders and freed John Ball

- marched towards London burning Rochester castles;e and killing Archbishop of Canterbury along the way

Question 18

events

almost last part London

Answer 18

• set up camp outside London and Richard agreed to meet
• burn down John. of blunts savoy palace foreign merchants and supporter of king
• at Mile End they meet king to outline demand some go home but rest on killing spree

Question 19

events

what happened at Smithfield on 15th June

Answer 19

• king met Tyler again
• one of kings supporter killed Tyler
• to prevent riot Richard agrees to keep demands and peasants leave with king as leaders of revolt are executed

Question 20

short term significance

Answer 20

//NOT VERY SIGNIFICANT//
-leaders killed
-king went back on promises for church lands to be given to people and changes to legal system
-other taxes raised instead of poll tax
//HOWEVER//
-first time the people had revolted against the king
-1450 villeins free

Question 21

long term significance

Answer 21

//significance grew//
-first working class revolt
-struck fear into ruling Classes
-beginning of ideas of freedom
-John ball inspired levellers equality
-poll tax 1990s riots Margarets Thatcher
-peasnats gradually became freemen after 100 yrs
// HOWEVER//
-society may have already been moving towards the idea of freedom and serfdom (existence of unfree peasants) was coming to an end