PART 1 Magna Carta

Question 1

date of Magna Carta

Answer 1

June 15th 1215

runnymede

Question 2

Magna Carta

Answer 2

contained 63 promises (clauses) that the Barons wanted the King to follow in order to change the power of the King and give more control to the Barons

Question 3

rule of law

Answer 3

-introduced by Magna Carta and was the idea that no monarch was above the law

Question 4

baron

Answer 4

man who had been given high rank by the king and given land

Question 5

feudal system

Answer 5

system of land holding in which land is paid fro by performing services for the owner

Question 6

scutage

Answer 6

tax collected during war time and paid by a knight or baron to king in order to avoid military service

Question 7

villeins

Answer 7

lived on Lords land and paid him in service and taxes in return for land

Question 8

Why did John fall out with the Barons?

The Pope

Answer 8

• John did not agree with the Popes appointment of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury
  (he would obey Pope and go against the King)
  -Pope banned Church services funerals and marriages in England and this worried people as they could go to hell and might trigger a Catholic invasion

Question 9

Why did John fall out with the Barons?

Scutage

Answer 9

• John lost many battles in France and Barons lost land so John charged even higher scutage
• nicknames ‘Softsword’

Question 10

Why did John fall out with the Barons?

Crown Jewels

Answer 10

-John lost Crown Jewels in the Wash (Marshland) which made him appear to be incompetent

Question 11

what was the magna carta

Answer 11

• every man allowed a free + fair trial
• king must not interfere with church
• king must seek advice before asking for money
• introduces rule of law

Question 12

Problems with the Magna Carta

Answer 12

• John had no intention of keeping promises only to avoid a civil war
• John backed out in august 1215
• only referred to freemen
• only politically powerful benefited
• church and merchants only included to gain support against John

Question 13

What happened after the Magna Carta ?

- Pope

Answer 13

August 1215

-Pope declared Magna Carta invalid as John was forced to sign

Question 14

What happened after the Magna Carta ?

Answer 14

• barons had the support of french king Louis so he landed in Kent and john fleed to NW England
• Louis announced king + Scottish alexander II swears allegiance
• john dies and henry iii his son made king as he was young so barons could manipulate
• –> earl fo Pembroke calls for Englishmen to defend against kIng Louis

Question 15

Significance to government

Answer 15

• power of monarch limited however king could go against it
• not until 1295 king Edwards model parliament
• not extremely sig at time but did pave the way to a democracy

Question 16

significance to development of ideas

Answer 16

• sig in British and American law
• basis for future freedom and justice
• however
• -> only a negotiation between John and barons

Question 17

short term significance

Answer 17

// NOT VERY ( to peoples rights) //
-only a negotiation between John and barons to benefit barons and those politically powerful
-only referred to freemen
-did not solve any problems as in august 1215 the Pope declared it invalid
-merchants only included to gain support. of growing merchant class
/// HOWEVER //
-kings Johns son Henry III agreed but he was only 9 years old and the Barons were in charge

Question 18

Long term significance

Answer 18

/// GAINED SIG //

• applied to more ppl as they gained freedom eg Peasants revolt 1381
• introduced rule of law
• levellers such as john lilburne referred to Magna Carta + chartists and sufragettes
• • became a symbol of power within the people’s hands
• ideas that everyone was subject to a free trial inspired the 1948 Universal Declaration of human rights

Question 19

main essay points

• government
• communication

Answer 19

• government-King John decided to ask the barons for scutage tax. He also refused to accept the terms of the carta which led to a civil war.
• communication- When the king refused to accept the Magna Carta the barons made alliances with the King of Scotland and asked Prince Louis of France to become King of England.