Pickett and Chen Ch 5 (3)

Question 1

relational self

Answer 1

• Captures our connections to others, who we are in relational to significant others

-what we experience about ourselves – our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 2

significant others

Answer 2

-Individuals who we have known for some time, to whom we feel some degree of closeness, and on whom our thoughts, feelings, and motives depend to some degree

Question 3

symbolic interactionism

Answer 3

• School of thought that lies at the intersection of sociology and social psychology
• Concerned with the relationship between the person and society, adhering to the belief that the two are mutually constructed in the course of social interaction

-Assume the self arises and indeed exists only in interaction with others

Question 4

lookin-glass self

Answer 4

• Refers to the idea that people perceive themselves though the eyes of others

-How we view ourselves is shaped by how we think we appear to others and how we think others judge us

Question 5

reflected appraisals

Answer 5

Refer to our perceptions of others’ perceptions of us

Question 6

relationship cognition

Answer 6

Conceptualize close relationships in terms of mental representations of the self and significant others

Question 7

internal working models of self and others

Answer 7

• Refer to the set of beliefs and expectations people hold of themselves as a consequence of their interactions with attachment figures

-Reflect the influence of significant others and therefore can thought of as one form of relational self

Question 8

relational schema

Answer 8

Consists of schemas for the self and the significant other, which are linked by an interpersonal script

Question 9

if-then contingencies

Answer 9

Interactions reflecting beliefs and expectations regarding how significant others treat and respond to the self

Question 10

transference

Answer 10

Refers to the phenomenon whereby previous assumptions and experiences that we learned in our relationships with significant others resurface in our present-day interactions with new people

Question 11

actual self

Answer 11

People’s beliefs about what they are actually like

Question 12

ideal self

Answer 12

People’s beliefs about what they would ideally like to be

Question 13

ought self

Answer 13

People’s beliefs about what they think they ought to be

Question 14

introjected self-guides

Answer 14

• Significant-other self-guides that we do not share

-Influence out thoughts, feelings, and behaviors when we are around or reminded of our significant others

Question 15

identified self-guides

Answer 15

• Significant-others self-guides that we do share

-Indicate that they incorporation of significant-other ideals and ought’s into one’s own self-concept may extend beyond childhood

Question 16

independent self-construal

Answer 16

•A view of the self as a separate, autonomous, and bounded entity
-American cultures

Question 17

interdependent self-construal

Answer 17

• A view of the self as interconnected with others

-East Asian cultures

Question 18

relational- interdependent self-construal

Answer 18

• Focuses specifically on relationships
• An emphasis more in line with north American culture
-People define themselves more largely in terms of their close relationships

Question 19

core configurations model

Answer 19

argue that, due to their adaptive value, four recurrent configurations of social coordination can be observed throughout human history: dyads, teams, bands, and tribes.

Question 20

Processes by which relational self-knowledge is formed

Answer 20

• socialization
• recurrent patterns of interaction
• social rules

Question 21

Baum and Anderson (1999) design

Answer 21

ff

Question 22

Baun and Anderson (1999) results and conclusions

Answer 22

f

Question 23

ways that the relational self may be evaluated

Answer 23

• in accord with significant others’ beliefs, values, desires, and expectations,
• through comparisons with a significant other

-

Question 24

Baldwin and Sinclair (1996) design and conclusion

Answer 24

-high and low self-esteem participants engage in a computerized lexical decision task

Question 25

Baldwin and Sinclair (1996) conclusion

Answer 25

-low self-esteem participants possess chronically accessible relational schemas that link success with acceptance, and failure with rejection.

Question 26

how are significant-other representations activated

Answer 26

• if then contingencies

- relational script

Question 27

relationship between attachment figures and internal working models

Answer 27

-internal working models of the self and others are formed in the context of early interactions with attachment figures

Question 28

self-discrepancy theory

Answer 28

-general notion that aspect of significant others may be included the self

Question 29

self-determination theory

Answer 29

• the notion of incorporating aspects of significant others in the self
• extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

Question 30

4 types of extrinsic motivation

Answer 30

• external regulation
• introjected regulation
• identified regulation
• integrated regulation

Question 31

how do activities that are encouraged by significant others become intrinsically motivated?

Answer 31

having an attachment figure with whom one shares a secure relationship makes it more likely that activities once initiated and encourage by others become integrated and experienced self-determined

Question 32

differences between high and low scorers on the RISC scale

Answer 32

high scores more likely to: consider consequences of decisions for other people; take into account the opinions or needs of close others; develop and nurture new relationships by being open about themselves

Question 33

Cross, Morris, and Gore (2002) design

Answer 33

• participants presented with 40 statements about Chris to form an impression
• half statements = relational information
• other half statements = non relational information
• participants confronted with a recall test and given 8 mins to remember as many of the statements about Chris as possible

Question 34

inclusion of the other in the self …what is it? what does it signify

Answer 34

closeness in relationships leads to merging of other in self

-signifies the closeness of a relationship

Question 35

Cross, Morris, and Gore (2002) conclusion

Answer 35

• positive correlation between scores on the RISC scale and memory fo relational information
• more relationships were an important part of participants’ self-concept, the better memory participants showed for relational information