Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child Development > Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory > Flashcards

Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What perspective does he have on cognitive development?

A
  • Biological perspective on cognitive development
  • Biology contribute cognition
  • Go through stages, but still gradually process
  • Constructive approach as well, we construct knowledge about the world
    Exploring
  • Children are active learners through interactions, touching objects example
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 3 important characteristics of Piagets stage theory?

A
  1. The stages provide a general theory of development
    All aspect of cognition is integrated
  2. Invariant stages, same order and nothing is skipped
  3. Universal, applies to all children

Individual differences come from speed of development

“Some People Cant Focus”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Schemas

A

Different categories of learning that we use to make sense of the world
- Building blocks of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the first schemas we have?

A
  • Sensorimotor actions, to explore the world
  • Touching, grabbing
  • Mentalisation afterwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mental representation

A

Internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulate
- Images
- Concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adaption

A

Schemas develop through interactions with environment
- Grasping schema by grasping objects
- Dropping schema by dropping objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Assimilation

A

Use of current schema to interpret and interact with the environment
- Four legged animals = all dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Accomodation

A

Changing schemas in response to new information and experiences, through parents

  • Four legged animals is NOT all dogs
  • Differentiating between shcemas
  • Adjust old schemas
  • Develop new schemas

Universal process, happens at all ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The process between accommodation and assimilation

A
  • Constant tension
  • Once in equilibrium, different schemas can jointly be applied to explore - slow cognitive changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disequilibrium

A
  • Rapid cognitive information from the environment that doesnt fit with pre-existing schemas
  • Cognitive discomfort, too much at once
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Equilibration

A

Back-to-back movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium
- Creates effective schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organization

A

An internal process occurring apart from contact with the physical world
- Connection between schemas - interconnected cognitive system
- Classify schemas, less mental power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The sensorimotor stage

A
  • Birth to 2 years old
  • Infants and toddlers “think” and explore with their 5 senses
  • Start with simple reflexes - habits - aware of our body - act with more intentions(curiousity)
  • Object Permanence - when object continues to exists even when we cant see them
  • Egocentric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Circular reaction

A
  • Cant explore with purpose
  • Adapting first schemas
    Stumbling to new experiences
  • Repeat the actions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Research that support the sensorimotor stage

A
  • A-not-B error, where is the toys at
    Looking at the first place it was at
  • Retrieve object from new hidden location
  • Make-believe plays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Research that challenge The sensorimotor stage

A

Cognitive development happens earlier than Piaget´s theory
- Infants explore the physical world, controlling objects
- Object permanence, retrieve hidden objects
- Mental representation
- Deferred imitation
- Schema categories earlier

17
Q

The Preoperational Stage

A
  • Age 2-7 years old
  • Symbolic thinking and Intuitive thoughts
    Lots of fantasies, imaginary friends - think they are alive
  • Words, gestures etc can be symbols for something else
  • Ask alot of questions - Intuitive age
  • Thinking is egocentric still
  • Sociodemocratic play
  • Cognitive and social benefits
    Memory
    Logic
    Emotions
18
Q

Make-believe play

A
  • More complex as the child gets older
    Pretend to play with objects, beyond physical world
    Use one object in two ways
    Pretend games less self-centred, inclusion of others
    Pretend play based on each others ideas
  • Separation from reality, they know
19
Q

What does research show about preoperational stage?

A
  • Few research is supporting it
    Complex tasks makes logical thinking difficult, familiarity makes it easier
    2 year olds show awareness of other perspectives
    Nonegocentric responses occurr as well
    Basic categorization happens during these ages
  • More of a gradual process
  • Children are more capable than Piaget thinks
20
Q

The Concrete Operational stage

A
  • 7 to 11 years
  • Childs thought is more logical, flexible and organize
    Notable change
  • More deductive thinking, generalisation
  • Children has achieved
    Conservation
    Concentration
    Reversibility - 5+3=8 then 8-3 must be 5
    Hierarchical classification
  • Unique to others
21
Q

What cant children not understand during the concrete operational stage?

A
  • Limited to information from directly observed situations
  • Poorly with abstract ideas
  • One task at a time
22
Q

What does research show about the concrete operational stage?

A
  • Culture and teaching influence children’s cognitive abilities alot
    Going to school
  • concrete thinking may not be as concrete in reality
  • The forms of logic thinking does not emerge spontaneously, its not biological
23
Q

The Formal Operational Stage

A
  • 11 years and onward
  • Children is able to think on a abstract, systematic and scientific level
    Come up with new things
    Love, failure, sucess
  • Deeper understanding for other perspectives
  • Planning, assumptions etc
    -Hypothetico-Deductive reasoning
  • Propositional thought
24
Q

Hypothetico-Deductive reasoning

A

Compare 2 statements and come to a generalisation

The ability to approach a problem using hypotheses or think in terms of and identify variables that might cause the outcome
- Systematic approach to approach and combine variables to explore their influence in real world

25
Q

Propositional thought

A

Understand the logic of propositions without referring the the physical world
- All bachelors are unmarried men
- Truth rests in rules of logic and not real-world confirmation

26
Q

What are some outcomes of cognitive changes during adolescence?

A
  • Imaginary Audience
    Belief that they think they are focus and primary concern of everyone
  • Explain why adolescents are
    Self-conscious
    Sensitive to public criticism
    Appearance focus
  • Falter in advance thinking
  • Personal Fable
    everyone is observing and thinking about them, i am important and unique
27
Q

What does research show about formal operational stage?

A
  • Children show tendencies for hypothetico-deductive thinking earlier
    Not more than 3 variables
  • Children do struggle with propositional thinking
    They dont think too carefully of what people say
  • Gradual increase
  • Not everyone can reach this stage in everything, most specialize in a few areas
    Different areas demand different type of thinking
28
Q

Discovery learning

A
  • Less focus on presenting knowledge, more on encouraging children to discover and explore environment
29
Q

Sensitivity to readiness to learn

A
  • A good fit between the childs capacities and chosen activities
30
Q

Acceptance of individual differences

A
  • All children go through the same sequence of development, but different rates
    Challenge for teachers to plan activities
31
Q

What are some critiques to educational principles from Piagets theory?

A
  • The learning is mainly through exploration
  • Neglecting other types of learning
    Verbal teaching
    Prompting
    Social comparison

Child Development (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions