Nature vs Nurture

Question 1

Gene-Environment interaction

Answer 1

• Individual differences explained through
  Unique genetic makeup of the individual -from parents
  Qualities of the environment - the childrens own context
• Interaction between these two = unique individual characteristics

Explains why different kids react differently to the same situation

Question 2

What are the important points from gene-environment interaction?

Answer 2

1. We may respond differently to the same environment compared to other as a result of our nature
2. Different gene-environment interactions may result in similar attributes in individuals - Looking the same

• Stimulation from the environments, its level

Question 3

What is Canalization?

Answer 3

• Genetic makeup tendancy to restrict development of some characteristics
• Important for survival
• Strongly canalized behaviors develops in many different environment - learning how to walk
• Extreme conditions to modify or stop these types of development

Some attributes, personality and intelligence, are less canalized and more influenced by environment - More variation

Question 4

Gene-environment correlation

Answer 4

• Our genes influence the environment to which we are exposed to
  Happy child vs crying child
• The influences changes over time and with age of the child

Question 5

Passive correlation

Answer 5

• Child has low or no control over the choice of environment
• Parents choose, often from their own interests
  -Extracurricular activities music, dance, reading etc

Question 6

Evocative correlation

Answer 6

• Childs genetic makeup evoke/influence responses in the environment, parents,siblings other adults
• The less similar siblings are, positive or negative, the more parents will treat them differently
• Happy child vs angry child
• Child has some control over responses, but no choice over environment

Question 7

Active correlation

Answer 7

• Child has more autonomy over the choice of environment
• Children choose an environment that fits well with their personal attributes, different contexts
• Niche-picking - the tendancy to actively choose an environment that fits with personal attributes
  Explains why identical twins can be similar even though they are raised apart
• Economical resources, cultural beliefs and norm may influence choice of environment, affects development

Question 8

What does these two perspective give on the interplay between nature vs nurture?

Answer 8

• Supports heredity as dominant force, genetic makeup influence choice of environment
• Can be used as a buffer

There are critique
- Dominance of heredity are questioned
- Individuals with genetic tendancy of aggressions, no more aggressive than counterparts without that specific gene
- Epigenesis - A framework

Question 9

Epigenesis

Answer 9

Development as an outcome of ongoing and bidirectional interplay betwen genetic makeup and various levels of environments
- Complex system, both influence each other