pișet Flashcards
What did Pișet want to do?
He wanted to develop a scientific approach to understand what knowledge is and how it develops in humans.
What did Pișet introduce?
He introduce the concepts of schemas.
What are shemas?
Schemas are sets of mental operations that can be applied to anything we meet in the world.
What is disequilibrium in relation to schemas?
When a child cannot make sense of their world because existing schemas are insufficient, they feel a sense of disequilibrium which is uncomfortable.
To escape this, the child explores and learns more.
What is equilibrium in relation to schemas?
Equilibrium is a pleasant state of balance and occurs when experiences in the world match the state of our current schema.
How do schemas adapt to the environment? in 2 ways
- Assimilation
- Accommodation
What is assimilation?
When a person successfully categories information or understands it in terms of existing schemas. Building on top of existing knowledge.
What is accommodation?
When new information does not map well onto the existing schemas. We can build new schemas that are better fitting to what we encounter in the world.
What are the stages of cognitive development?
- Sensorimotor (birth - 2 yrs)
- Pre-operational (2 - 7 yrs)
- Concrete operational (7 - 11 yrs)
- Formal operational (adolescence to adulthood)
What is sensory motor stage?
Infants:
- learn about the rship btwn their body and the envo
- can use their senses
- perform actions using perceptual and motor skills (early sings of intelligence)
- acquire the concepts of causality, displacement and events
- lack the concept of object permanence (out of sight, out of mind)
- acquire object permanence towards the end of the stage
- gain ability to use language at the end of the stage
What is pre-operational stage?
2 sub stages:
1. pre-conceptual period (2-4 years)
2. intuitive period (4-7 years)
What happens during the pre-conceptual period?
child’s abilities are limited by animism (when inanimate objects are imbued with feelings and intentions) and egocentrism
3 Mountain Task perspective - the ability to see other perspective is not seen until 9 years.
Children have egocentric view of the world.
What happens during the intuitive period?
- the child begins to classify, order and quantify in a systematic way
- they have difficulties in class inclusion tasks (they fail to understand objects can belong in more than one category)
- the child is unable to use reversal (work backwards)
What is concrete operational stage?
- children can consider more than one perspective
- they are working on their egocentrism
- children can classify and order and understand class inclusion (objects can belong to more than 1 category)
- add, subtract, multiply, divide numbers
- have compensation and reversibility and can succeed on conservation tasks
- problems with abstract reasoning
What is the formal operational stage?
- Development of abstract reasoning
