inteligenta 2 Flashcards
What is aptitude?
Measures capacity and potential for future learning
What is attainment and achievement
Measures what has already been learnt or achieved
Define intelligence
Successful adaptation to one’s environment. Depending on what our environments demand from us we would be able to adapt fro them using different skills.
What is Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence?
A theory that takes into account the fact that other cultures may consider other behaviours as adaptive.
Intelligence is whatever is required to meet the adaptive demands of any given cultures.
Intelligence can be assessed in this way through non-verbal assessments assessing fluid intelligence.
What is the heritability of intelligence?
Heritability of intelligence ranges between .50 and .70
A proportion of individual differences in intelligence is explained by differences in genes amongst people.
How does heritability of intelligence change with age?
Heritability of intelligence increases with age - as we grow older, genes explain more and more differences among us in intelligence levels.
How much does environment account for variance among intelligence scores?
Environment seems to account between .5 and .3 of the variance among intelligence scores.
What are the 2 types of environment?
Shared environments: contribute to similarity among family members
Non-shared environments: contribute to dissimilarities among family members
Why are there sex differences in IQ?
- Socialisation experiences
- Hormones
- Evolutionary factors
- Socialisation experiences
Children can be engaged in sex-typed abilities
E.g. Boys play more active games in childhood
That could in turn influence the development of particular cognitive abilities
- Hormones
Sex hormones alter brain organisation and may extend to other behavioural differences
Differences in sex hormones have been used to explain greater levels of aggressive behaviour in men
- Evolutionary factors
Hunter gathering males develop better visuospatial skills because they were engaged in more visuospatial abilities
Female roles of childrearing made them better at development of verbal abilities
How stable are individual differences in IQ across the age span?
The people who were highest in IQ at age 11 were also higher in IQ at age 77.
Do people lose mental power as they grow old>
Schaie’s Cross-sequential study
Demonstrated evidence for the cohort effect (variations over time)
A decline in mental abilities from 25-80 years old.
What is the Flynn effect
Flynn noted that IQ test developing companies need to update their norms every few years - norms is what is the expected average IQ for the population.
New generations are doing too well on the tests that they have developed.
E.g. Americans had gained about 14 IQ points between 1932 and 1978
