liderii Flashcards
What is leadership?
Getting group members to achieve the group’s goals
What is the great person theory?
There are some people that have developed the characteristics that make them a great leader either because they were born with it or their life circumstances.
What are some personalities suited for leadership? (meta-analysis)
There is a positive relationship between extraversion, openness, conscientiousness and being a leader.
There is a negative consequence with neuroticism and being a leader.
What is situational determinants?
Situation interacts with personality.
Different people may be more effective leaders in different circumstances.
Particular personalities are better suited to particular situations.
E.g. Churchill was great leader during times of war, but after war he wasn’t.
What do different cultures think about what makes an effective leader?
In collectivist countries people felt it was important to have a leader that can focus on the achievement of the group as a whole.
In individualistic countries it was seen as important that the leader was able to motivate individuals according to their individual goals and ambitions.
Some attributes are admired in leaders across cultures e.g. being encouraging, motivational and dynamic.
What are the 3 leadership styles?
Autocratic - based on giving orders
Democratic - based on consultation, agreement and consent
Laissez-faire - less interested in what’s going on. leave it to the people to motivate themselves
In the experiment what happened in the autocratic condition?
Leader gave orders
Created an aggressive atmosphere
Group was only PRODUCTIVE when the leader was PRESENT
In the experiment what happened in the democratic condition?
Leader discussed plans
Created a friendly atmosphere
Productivity was high regardless of the leader’s presence or absence
In the experiment what happened in the Laissez-faire condition?
Leader did minimal intervention and let the group organise themselves.
Created pleasant atmosphere
Low productivity but INCREASED when leader was ABSENT
What are task focused leaders?
Task focused leaders are people who focus on the aim of the group and what they are trying to achieve.
These leaders are knowledgeable, direct and efficient
E.g. Lord Sugar
What are socio-emotional leaders?
A leader who is focused on the group dynamic - the relationship between the group members and the group and the leader
These leaders are friendly, empathetic, good at resolving disagreements
What are transformational leaders?
They manage groups effectively
These are leaders who are able to not only get a group of people to deliver a goal successfully but actually get people to put their personal interests aside.
What are 3 characteristics associated with transformational leaders?
- Charismatic and inspirational
- Show individualised consideration
- Endorse intellectual stimulation - they are interested what the individual gets out of the group task and how they can be individually motivated to achieve it.
What is contingency theory?
The effectiveness of a leader is dependent of the situation, the nature of the task and the type of group that they are leading.
In the contingency theory, Fiedler distinguished between:
- Task-oriented leaders: authoritarian, focused on the task and value group success
- Relationship-oriented leaders: non-directive, sociable, value harmonious group relations
Task-motivated approach is associated with good performance when:
- leader-member relationships good and task structure is high
- leader-member relationships is poor and task structure is low
Relationship motivated approach is associated with good performance when:
- leader-member relationships are good and task structure is low
- leader-member relationships are poor and task structure is low
What is leader-member exchange theory?
Leadership effectiveness depends on the quality of the relationships between group leaders and groups members
High quality relationships are associated with mutual exchange
Low quality relationships are associated with distant relationships maintained by obligation
What is social identity approach?
This theory of leadership suggests that really effective leaders are those that are very typical of the group
Group members are likely to perform well when they feel strongly attached to the group
