facilitare sociala si paine sociala Flashcards
What contributes to a group?
Purpose: achieving a goal that you wouldn’t be able to do on your own
Interdependence: something that affects a member affects everyone
Interaction: all members need to be able to interact
Membership: the group members need to perceive themselves as a group
Roles and norms
Mutual influence: influence each other
Motivation: motivated by personal reason to be part of a group
What is an aggregate?
A group of people who will be in the same place at the same time and it is unlikely that they are going to interact with every single person in the same room.
What are the 4 types of groups? (Lickel et al)
- Intimacy groups (most grouplike) - family
- Task groups - colleagues
- Social categories - gender, religion
- Loose associations (least grouplike) - people who live in your neighbourhood
Johnson (2006) identified 3 purposes of a group:
- Intimacy groups: they fulfil the purpose of feeling that you need to belong (affiliation)
- Task groups - achieving a certain goal for mutual benefit - utilitarian perspective
- Social categories - need for identify - cognitive perspective.
What is social facilitation?
The presence of others improves your performance
What is social inhibition?
The presence of others decreases your performance
What is social loafing?
do less and other people will do your work
What are the drive theories?
-Drive theory
-Evaluation apprehension theory
-Distraction conflict theory
What are the non-drive theories?
-Self-awareness theory
-Attention focus
What is the Drive Theory?
The presence of other people increases arousal
That in turn increases the dominant response
The dominant response improves performance if the task is easy and familiar
The dominant response will decrease our performance if the task is difficult
What is the evaluation apprehension theory?
Our arousal increases because we have a fear of being judged by others
What is the distraction-conflict theory?
Baron and Byrne thought that increased arousal was because having other people around is a source of distraction
What is the self-awareness theory? (A non-drive theory)
Carver and Scheier
The differences in social facilitation and inhibition are due to self awareness
We are made aware of ourselves if someone else is present
What is attentional focus theory?
Finite attention capacity
Audience can cause attention overload
If there is something distracting us then that is going to affect our performance
Why does loafing occur according to the Ringelmann effect?
Loss of coordination - people were getting in each other’s way and prevented from reaching their full potential
Loss of motivation - participants simply didn’t try as hard in a group
