inteligenta 1 Flashcards
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is to do with problem solving and adapting to the environment through solving problems. Intelligence is a cognitive ability as a result of genes and environment.
What did Galton believe about intelligence?
Galton was influenced by evolutionary theory.
He believed mental abilities and personality traits are inherited.
His idea that intelligence is inherited led to rise of eugenics (encouraging intelligent people to have children)
What did Binet believe about intelligence?
He said that a person who lacks judgement is an imbecile.
He created the 1st intelligence test for children.
He wanted to identify children with curriculum difficulties so that they can receive support early on.
What is the psychometric movement?
This approach tries to map the structure of intellect and to discover the mental competencies that underlie test performance.
What is a method used in psychometrics?
Factor analysis
What is factor analysis?
It reduces a large number of variables to a smaller number of clusters (name as many animals as you can in 1 minute)
If people perform similarly, then we would assume there is a latent factor (a non-observed factor) that drives similarity in performance.
What is the g theory of intelligence?
g stands for general ability
it is a concept which underlies verbal and non-verbal performance on modern intelligence assessments
Spearman suggested that g drives performance across cognitive domains.
What is the theory of fluid and crystallised intelligence
Crystallised intelligence - the ability to apply previously learnt knowledge to new and current problems. Ability to retrieve previously learn information and problem solving schemas
Fluid intelligence - the ability to deal with novel problem solving situations. It involves creative thinking outside the box.
What is the 3 stratum model (John Carroll)
There is a hierarchy
1st level: g is at the top of the hierarchy
2nd level: there are other components within g:
1. broad visual perception
2. broad auditory perception
3. broad retrieval ability
4. broad cognitive speediness
5. fluid intelligence
6. crystallised intelligence
7. general learning and memory
8. processing speed
3rd level: tests, performance on these tests
What is Sternberg’s Triarchic theory
Sternberg believed intelligence is a mental activity for purposive adaptation to real world environments.
There are 3 types of cognitive processes:
1. Analytical intelligence: academic oriented problem solving skills measured by intelligence tests
2. Practical intelligence: skills needed to cope with everyday demands
3. Creative intelligence: skills needed to deal adaptively with people and new situations
What is Gardener’s Multiple intelligences
Gardener believed that there are several intelligences that are independent of each other.
1. Logic-mathematical
2. Interpersonal
3. Musical
4. Linguistic
5. Intrapersonal
6. Visuospatial
7. Kinaesthetic
8. Naturalistic
What is emotional intelligence?
This is not captured within g
Meyer and Salovey suggested that emotional intelligence had 4 branches:
1. Perceiving emotions
2. Managing emotions
3. Facilitating thought using emotions
4. Understanding emotions
Daniel Goleman own theory of emotional intelligence.
His theory included 5 components:
1. Self awareness
2. Emotion management
3. Self-motivation
4. Empathy
5. Relationship skills
What are the 2 different types of intelligence tests:
Aptitude: potential for future learning
Achievement: what has already been learned
What do The Wechsler tests test?
These tests derive from a hierarchical theory of intelligence that implies there is a general cognitive ability.
