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Physiology > Physiology- Respiratory part II > Flashcards

Physiology- Respiratory part II Flashcards

0
Q

Why is it beneficial for lungs to vasoconstrict when there is a drop in oxygen

A

Forces blood to parts of the lungs that are getting better air flow; keeps blood away from dead space

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1
Q

When does vasoconstriction occur in pulmonary circulation

A

When oxygen levels drop

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2
Q

Ventilation/perfusion ratio

A

Volume of air perfused in alveoli/BF

Amount of air ventilating an area of lung relative to amount of blood flow that area receives

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3
Q

Ideal ventilation/perfusion ratio

A

1.0 (perfect matching)

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4
Q

Actual ventilation/perfusion ratio in healthy people

A

~.8

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5
Q

Why healthy people typically have ratios of ~.8

A

When standing, gravity causes more blood to flow to bottom of lungs

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6
Q

What happens to VA/Q when there is blockage of air supply to an area of the lung

A

Decreases

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7
Q

What happens to tidal volume when there is a blockage of air supply to an area of the lungs

A

Does not decrease, just gets redistributed

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8
Q

Embolus

A

Anything blocking a blood vessel

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9
Q

What happens to VA/Q when there is decreased BF to an area of the lungs

A

Increases (because VA stays the same, but Q decreases)

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10
Q

Positive cooperativity

A

As one oxygen attaches, it makes it easier for others to attach

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11
Q

Positive cooperatively is a property of what blood protein?

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

Why is it important for hemoglobin to have the property of positive cooperativity?

A

Allows hemoglobin to load oxygen very rapidly and lose it very rapidly

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13
Q

What will happen to the association/dissociation curve of oxygen and hemoglobin in skeletal muscle that is exercising?

A

It will shift to the right

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14
Q

Why is it valuable for the association/dissociation curve of oxygen and hemoglobin to shift to the right during exercise?

A

Increases the rapid release of carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Amount of oxygen released from hemoglobin depends on

A

Amount of oxygen in tissue (PO2)

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16
Q

Three forms of transportation of carbon dioxide

A

Physically dissolved
Carbamino compounds
Bicarbonate

17
Q

Feedback loop of respiration

A

Inspiratory cells are self stimulating–> activate muscles of breathing
Inspirational cells–> gradually stimulate expiratory cells–> inhibit inspiratory cells
Pneumotaxic center–> inhibits inspiratory cells

18
Q

What can the respiratory center be altered by

A

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors

19
Q

What do the chemoreceptors monitor

A 
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
pH
Carbon dioxide in tissue fluid (PCO2)
Oxygen in tissue fluid (PO2)
20
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?

A

Carotid sinus

Aortic arch

21
Q

Where are central chemoreceptors located?

A

Medulla

22
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors are more sensitive to

A

Oxygen

23
Q

Central chemoreceptors are more sensitive to

A

Carbon dioxide

24
Q

What will stimulate an increased rate and depth of breathing

A

Decreased PO2
Increased PCO2
Decreased pH (increased acidity)

25
Q

What is lungs role in acid-base control

A

Alters carbon dioxide levels

26
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

pH below 7.4 due to a metabolic process

27
Q

What will lungs do in response to metabolic acidosis

A

Increase rate and depth of breathing

28
Q

What will kidneys want to do in response to metabolic acidosis

A

Get rid of hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate

29
Q

Examples of when metabolic acidosis happens

A

Long term exercise

Diabetes

30
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

pH above 7.4 due to a metabolic process

31
Q

What will kidneys want to do in response to metabolic alkalosis

A

Conserve hydrogen

Lose bicarbonate

32
Q

What will the lungs do in response to metabolic alkalosis

A

Not much of an option to conserve carbon dioxide due to need for gas exchange

33
Q

What can cause metabolic alkalosis

A

Bulimia or chronic vomiting

Antacid abuse

34
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

pH above 7.4 due to respiratory system

35
Q

What will kidneys want to do in response to respiratory alkalosis

A

Kidneys will not have much of an effect because this is typically an acute situation and the kidneys have slow action

36
Q

What will the lungs want to do in response to respiratory alkalosis

A

Conserve carbon dioxide

37
Q

What is an example of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation (decreased carbon dioxide, increased constriction….you will pass out)

38
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

pH below 7.4 due to respiratory system

39
Q

What will the kidney want to do in response to respiratory acidosis

A

Lose hydrogen ions

Conserve bicarbonate

40
Q

What will lungs want to do in response to respiratory acidosis

A

Lose carbon dioxide

…but has difficulty with this due to poor gas exchange, so the body relies mostly on kidney; lungs malfunction

41
Q

What can cause respiratory acidosis

A 
Emphysema
Hypoventilation (drug overdose, head trauma, heat stroke)

Physiology (17 decks)

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