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Physiology > Physiology Midterm- Sensory Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Midterm- Sensory Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to localize where stimulus is without looking at it

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1
Q

Transducer

A

Something that converts one form of energy to another

Ie. retina converts light energy to electrical

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2
Q

What happens if a sensory neuron does not spike?

A

No sensation

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3
Q

Peripheral receptive field

A

Specific region of skin which a receptor monitors

-Usually applies to touch receptors

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4
Q

Body parts with peripheral receptive fields smallest in area

A

Fingertips and lips

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5
Q

Where are larger Peripheral receptive fields found?

A

In areas requiring less need for sensitivity, ie. on your back

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6
Q

Where is greatest overlap of peripheral receptive fields?

A

Areas that require greater sensitivity

Fingertips and lips

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7
Q

More overlap of peripheral receptive fields= (more/less) sensitivity

A

More

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8
Q

Specific energy

A

Type of energy that the receptor is most sensitive to

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9
Q

How is the stimulation of light receptors always perceived by the brain as?

A

Light

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10
Q

Can other types of energy stimulate a different energy receptor?

A

Yes

Ie. you can rub your eye(mechanical stimulus) and stimulate the light receptors and perceive light

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11
Q

Two point discrimination

A

Stimulating 2 points on the body to determine the minimum distance apart that the person can tell that there are two stimuli occurring

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12
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Patient does not have adaptation with sensory stimuli

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13
Q

Receptor adaptation

A

How fast the fiber will accommodate to stimuli

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14
Q

What kind of receptors are the fastest adapting receptors?

A

Touch receptors on skin and hair receptors

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15
Q

Slowest adapting receptors

A

Pressure receptors in carotid artery

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16
Q

Labeled lines

A

Refers to how the receptors are attached to CNS, which tells the brain how to locate where stimulus is coming from

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17
Q

Phantom limb

A

Feeling a sensation in a limb that has been removed and is no longer there

18
Q

What causes phantom limb pain?

A

Nerve trunks that are still present in the stump that correlate to the part of the limb that has been removed can still be stimulated, causing the brain to perceive a stimulus in the nonexistent limb

19
Q

Generator potential

A

Depolarization of nerve ending

20
Q

What does a generator potential do?

A

Will cause membrane potential to move toward 0

21
Q

Basic properties of generator potentials

A
  1. They are depolarizations
  2. The greater the stimulus, the larger the generator potential
  3. Travel by electrotonic conduction
  4. They can sum
22
Q

Trigger zone

A

Region on membrane near the specialized sensory ending where the spike is initiated if threshold is surpassed

23
Q

Voltage clamping

A

Process by which the general potential remains as long as the stimulus is in contact with the sensory ending

24
Q

What is the generator potential magnitude determined by?

A

Stimulus intensity (higher stimulus intensity=higher GP)

25
Q

Rhythmic discharge

A

Several spikes in sequence

26
Q

What causes rhythmic discharge?

A

As repolarization proceeds to the level of membrane charge the cell is clamped at, you will get another spike

27
Q

What causes faster repetitive rates of spikes?

A

Larger generator potential

28
Q

Frequency coding

A

Brain can estimate the intensity of the stimulus you experience by the frequency of firing of the sensory nerve

29
Q

What is the rate of discharge measured in

A

Spikes/sec

30
Q

Relationship between intensity of the stimulus and how the brain perceives it

A

^stimulus intensity, ^generator potential
^generator potential, ^rate of discharge
^rate of spikes, brain perceives as ^intense stimulus

31
Q

How does the CNS know exactly where a stimulus is occurring and how intense it is?

A

Property of frequency coding combined with the property of labeled lines

32
Q

Classes of receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors

33
Q

Pain sensation theories

A

Specificity theory

Pattern theory

34
Q

Specificity theory

A

Receptor specific for pain sense

  • problem: does not explain what sort of specific energy pain is
  • true because nociceptors respond to prostaglandins and kinins that are produced as a result of inflammation due to damaged tissue
35
Q

Pattern theory

A

Brain sensed pain by the pattern of spike discharge of receptors of various specific energies
-true because if a rate of firing passes a certain threshold it is perceived as pain (Any type of receptor)

36
Q

Gate control of pain

A

Non-nociceptive sensory fibers branch as they enter the spinal cord and provide IPSP input to pain pathways.
Pain, touch, and temperature information are all carried by the same tract and are in close proximity, allowing the interneurons to attach in this manner

37
Q

Gate control of pain provides evidence for what therapeutic modalities?

A 
TENS (transcutaneous electroneural stimulation)
Acupuncture
Massage
Heat
Cold
38
Q

Referred pain

A

Sensation of pain in a structure that is not injured. The pain comes from a different structure that is injured

39
Q

Why does referred pain happen?

A

During fetal development, structures shared the developing ectoderm that later became neural tissue. As development proceeds , the structures separate but still share the same neuronal pool in the spinal cord.

40
Q

Redicular pain

A

Pain resulting from nerve irritation

41
Q

Example of referred pain

A

Patients with supraspinatus tendinitis typically also end up with pain in the C5 dermatome

42
Q

Example of redicular pain

A

Pain down the leg due to bulging disk pressing on nerve trunk

Physiology (17 decks)

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